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Dental Anatomy 2
Dental Anatomy Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mastication means.. | chewing |
| esthetics means... | appearance |
| phonetics means... | speech |
| periodontium is... | supporting tissue, both hard and soft, of a tooth |
| what is a conical... | most primitive type of tooth crown composed of a single cone or lobe |
| a tritubercular is... | three lobed (cusped) tooth |
| how many lobes to mammalian teeth typically have | four or more lobes |
| what is unique about mammal's teeth as far as roots go | only animal which may display more than a single root per tooth |
| what is a lobe? | primary devision of the tooth |
| what are lobes considered? | only as anatomical divisions o a tooth often separated by distinguishable primary grooves |
| all anterior teeth are composed of ____ lobes | four |
| what are the lobes of anterior teeth named? | three labial lobes (mesiolabial, middle labial, and distolabial lobes) remaining encompasses the cingulum and is termed lingual lobe |
| mamelons are... | slightly rounded incisal terminations of the labial lobes abraded away soon after eruption |
| how many lobes do premolars exhibit typically? | four lobes three buccal and one lingual |
| what are the lobes named on premolars? | mesiobuccal, middle buccal, distobuccal and lingual lobes |
| what is the one exception to premolar lobes? | mandibular second premolar |
| how many lobes does the mandibular second premolar have? | five lobes three on the buccal and two lingually located |
| what are the lingual lobes on the mandibular second premolar named? | mesiolingual and distolingual lobes mesiobuccal, middle buccal, distobuccal |
| buccal surface of premolars normally displays lobe division in the form of | mesio buccal and distobuccal developmental depression |
| what does the central groove serve as a separation of when viewing a premolar from the occlusal aspect? | buccal lobes and the lingual lobes |
| what separates the two lingual lobes in the case of the mandibular second premolar | lingual groove separates the two lingual lobes |
| how many lobes do maxillary molars have... | four lobes two buccal and two lingual |
| what are the four lobes named in maxillary molars? | mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual and distolingual lobes |
| what do molars not exhibit as in anterior and premolar teeth? | no facial development depressions |
| what divides buccal from lingual lobes on the maxillary molars? | central groove |
| what are the two lingual lobes separated by in permanent maxillary molars? | distolingual groove |
| what are the two buccal lobes divided by in permanent maxillary molars? | buccal groove |
| mandibular first molars have how many lobes | five cusps and five lobes |
| what are the lobes named for mandibular first molars? | mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual and distolingual lobes and distal lobe |
| what is the addition for mandibular first molar lobes? | distal lobe |
| what separates lobes for the mandibular first molars? | central groove, lingal groove, buccal groove and distobuccal groove |
| all other molars other than mandibular molars exhibit how many cusps and lobes | four cusps and four lobes |
| what are the lobes named for all other mandibular molars? | mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, and distolingual |
| what separates the lobes in all other mandibular molars? | central, buccal and lingual developmental grooves |
| what is the curve of spee begins? | begins at the tip of the canines and follows the buccal cusp tips of the premolars and molars posteriorly when viewed from their facial aspect |
| explain more of the curve of spee | 2 dimensional and curves upward from anterior to posterior |
| what happens to the roots of teeth in the curve of spee? | maxillary molar roots are inclined mesially mandibular molars roots are inclined distally |
| what must the curvature of the individual posterior teeth offset in the curve of spee? | vertical long axis of the body occlusal surfaces must conform to this curve |
| what is the curve of wilson? | medio-lateral surve of the occlusal plant of posterior teeth |
| explain more about the curve of wilson | two dimensional but in a direction more or less at right angles to that of the curve of spee |
| what is the purpose of the curve of wilson? | complement the paths of the condyles during movements of the mandible |
| what must happen so that the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth can conform to curve of wilson | crowns of mandibular posterior teeth must incline to the lingual crowns of the maxillary posterior teeth must incline towards the buccal |
| what does the curve of wilson become? | more deep posteriorly so that the molar's inclination is greater than that of the premolars |
| which molars have a deeper incline in the curve of wilson? | molar's deeper than premolars |
| what happens to the cusps (buccal and lingual) in the curve of wilson? | buccal cusps of mandibular molars and the lingual cusps of maxillary molars usually appear to be longer |
| what appears to be longer on mandibular molars in the curve of wilson? | buccal cusps |
| what appears to be longer on maxillary molars in the curve of wilson? | lingual cusps |
| what is compensating occlusal curvature or sphere of Monson | three dimensional curvature of the occlusal plant combination of Curve of spee and curve of wilson |
| what is the curvature in sphere of Monson? | concave for the mandibular arch convex for the maxillary arch |
| what is axial position entail? | inclination of a tooth from the vertical axis normally described in the mesiodistal or faciolingual directions |
| how is axial position normally described? | roots inclination crown normally inclined in the opposite direction |
| maxillary anterior teeth exhibit what axial position when considering the faciolingual dimension | great inclination of the root towards the lingual |
| maxillary anterior teeth (INCISORS) exhibit what axial position when considering the mesiodistal direction | roots incline very slightly towards the mesial |
| which roots of maxillary anterior teeth roots incline very slightly towards the mesial when considering the mesiodistal direction | incisors |
| maxillary anterior teeth (CANINES) exhibit what axial position when considering mesiodistal direction | root inclines towards the distal |
| which roots of maxillary anterior teeth roots incline towards the distal when considering the mesiodistal direction | canines |
| what faciolingual and mesiodistal axial direction would maxillary anterior incisors have | root greatly towards lingual, slightly towards mesial |
| what faciolingual and mesiodistal axial direction would maxillary anterior canines roots have | root greatly towards lingual inclined towards distal |
| maxillary premolars axial position in the faciolingual dimension? | root inclines are slightly towards the lingual |
| maxillary premolars axial position in the mesiodistal dimension? | root inclines are slightly towards the distal |
| maxillary molars axial position in the faciolingual dimension? | great lingual inclination |
| maxillary molars axial position in the mesiodistal dimension? | moderate mesial inclination |
| mandibular anterior teeth both CANINES and INSISORS axial position in the faciolingual direction | exhibit great lingual root inclinations |
| mandibular anterior teeth INCISORS axial position in the mesiodistal | nearly straight or moor mesial root inclination |
| mandibular anterior teeth CANINES axial position in mesiodistal | slight distal root inclination |
| mandibular anterior teeth CANINES would have what axial position for faciolingual and mesiodistal | faciolingual root inclines greatly to lingual mesiodistally root inclines slight distak root inclination |
| mandibular anterior teeth INCISORS axial position for faciolingual and mesiodistal | Faciolingual root inclines greatly to lingual mesiodistally root incline nearly straight or minor medial root inclination |
| mandibular premolars axial position mesiodistally? | show some distal root inclination |
| mandibular premolars (FIRST PREMOLAR'S) axial position faciolingual | root inclines slightly lingually |
| mandibular premolars (SECOND PREMOLAR'S) axial position faciolingual? | root offset slightly buccally |
| second premolar's axial position mesiodistally and faciolingually? | distal root inclination mesiodistally root offset slightly buccal |
| first premolar's axial position mesiodistally and faciolingually? | distal root inclination mesiodistally root inclines slightly lingually |
| mandibular molars axial position buccal and distal root angulations | moderate to great buccal and distal root angulations |
| geometric configuration of all the crown surfaces of the teeth (excluding incisal and occlusal) is placed in three categories... | triangular, trapezoidal or rhomboidal |
| all permanent teeth when viewed from facial and lingual aspects in the mouth can be roughly described as | trapezoidal |
| the incisal (occlusal) side in all permanent teeth when viewed from the facial and lingual aspects in the mouth form the what... | base of the trapezoid |
| the cervical side of all permanent teeth in the mouth when viewed from the facial and lingual aspects form the what... | shorter parallel side of the trapezoid |
| arrangement of these trapezoidal shaped crowns side by side in dental arches creates.. | interproximal spaces between teeth contact areas between each pair of adjacent teeth |
| interproximal spaces are... | between teeth |
| contact area is... | between each pair of adjacent teeth places where the teeth actually do touch |
| anterior permanent teeth when viewed from their proximal surfaces, the crowns exhibit | triangular shape |
| what teeth exhibit a triangular shape? | anterior permanent teeth when viewed from their proximal surfaces |
| what forms the triangle on permanent anterior teeth? | cervical is the base apex is the incisal |
| the apex of anterior permanent teeth serves the function of? | wedge in tearing, biting and incising food materials |
| the base of anterior permanent teeth serves the function of? | necessary strength for the crown to form |
| maxillary posterior teeth proximal surfaces are roughly... | trapezoidal |
| what teeth form the trapezoidal shape? | maxillary posterior teeth proximal surfaces |
| what forms the base for maxillary posterior teeth in the trapezoidal shape? | cervical forms the base |
| what forms the sides constricting to the occlusal surfaces for maxillary posterior teeth in the trapezoidal shape? | buccal and lingual sides |
| what is the function of trapezoidal shape in maxillary posterior teeth? | forms a wedge shape which aids in the distribution of forces during mastication facilitates in the self cleaning process of teeth |
| mandibular posterior teeth from the proximal aspect form roughly what shape? | rhomboidal with crowns inclined towards the lingual |
| what teeth forms the rhomboidal shape with crows inclined towards the lingual? | mandibular posterior teeth |
| what does the rhomboidal shape for mandibular posterior teeth allow for? | proper interlocking of the mandibular and maxillary posterior teeth during mastication |
| in a complete arch, each tooth touches or contacts.... | two adjacent teeth |
| what is the exception to the rule of teeth touching two adjacent teeth in a complete arch | most posterior tooth in the arch which only has a mesial to contact |
| where are contact areas normally located? | mesial surface of one tooth and the distal surface of the tooth just anterior to it |
| what is the exception to contact areas normally located in teeth? | central incisor contact each other at the midline mesial contacts mesial |
| where do central incisors contact each other? | at the midline |
| what happens to contact areas with age | increase in size with age |
| what is the broadening of contact areas due to? | abrasion that occurs when the proximal surfaces of the teeth rub against each other |
| what is the end result of the abrasion that occurs when proximal surfaces of teeth rub against each other? | mesiodistal length of the dental arches continuously becomes shorter and begin to move closer to the midline |
| what does proper location of contact areas aid in the dental arch? | stabilizing the dental arch prevention of food material from slipping between the teeth |
| what is important for food flow in the mouth? | inciso (occluso) cervical direction faciolingual direction |
| contact areas become more ____ located from ______ to _____ in each quadrant | cervically located from anterior to posterior in each quadrant |
| on an individual tooth, the ______ contact area normally has a more ______ location than the ______ contact area | the distal contact area normally has a more cervical location than the mesial contact area |
| which has a more cervical location on an individual tooth, distal contact area or medial contact area? | distal contact area is more cervical |
| which has a more incisal contact area on an individual tooth, distal contact area or mesial contact area? | mesial contact area is more incisal |
| the relative size of the contact areas _____ from _____ to ______ in each quadrant | the relative size of the contact areas increases from anterior to posterior in each quadrat |
| _____ teeth have contact areas which are normally located to the ____ of center in the faciolingual dimension | posterior teeth have contact areas which are normally located to the buccal of center in the faciolingual dimension |
| what is the interproximal space? | triangular shaped area between adjacent teeth in the same arch cervical to the contact area best observed from the facial aspect |
| what is filling the interproximal space usually? | gingival tissue interdental papilla |
| what forms the triangle of the interdental papilla? | alveolar bone at its cervical base proximal surfaces of the adjacent teeth are it's sides contact area of the adjacent teeth are its apex |
| what is an embrasure? | the open space between the proximal surfaces of two adjacent teeth in the same arch where they diverge facially or lingually, and incisally or cervically from the contact area |
| what are the two embrasure spaces named when viewing from the facial or lingual aspects? | incisal (occlusal) embrasure cervical (gingival) embrasure |
| which embrasure space is usually larger? cervical or incisal? | cervical embrasure is normally larger than the incisal embrasure |
| cervical embrasure usually corresponds to what? | interproximal space |
| what two embrasure spaces are seen when viewing from the incisal or occlusal aspect? | labial (buccal) embrasure lingual embrasure |
| when an imaginary line is drawn to bisect any embrasure space... | the two portions should be approximately equal in size and shape or symmetrical |
| what are the physiological purposes for proper embrasure form | spillway for the food material during mastication integral part of the self cleaning process of the teeth |
| improper embrasure form may result in lack of protection and cause... | overstimulation of the periodontium and its potential breakdown |
| improper embrasure form may result in overprotection and cause... | lack of stimulation of the periodontium also result in its breakdown |
| from the facial lingual aspect, what happens to the incisal embrasures? | they increase in relative size from the anterior teeth towards the posterior |
| from the facial or lingual aspect, what happens to the cervical (gin vial) embrasures? | decrease in relative size from anterior to posterior |
| from the incisal aspect, what happens to the labial and lingual embrasures? | nearly equal in size in anterior teeth |
| from the occlusal aspect, what happens to the lingual embrasure? | normally larger than the buccal embrasure in posterior teeth |
| when one side of an embrasure (tooth outline) has a certain contour, the other side... | the other side of the embrasure will normally have a similar contour |
| contact area becomes more ____ located the farther posteriorly in the arch while the relative size of the cervical embrasure | cervically decreases |
| where do the contact areas move in posterior teeth what happens to the lingual embrasures? | farther to the buccal relatively smaller |
| line angles are what? | line or angle created by the junction of two crown surfaces of a tooth |
| for any specific facial embrasure, they are normally located _____ to each other in the faciolingual dimension | directly adjacent, not further labially |
| what is height of contour also know as? | crest of curvature |
| what is height of contour/ height of curvature known as? | greatst area of contour incise (occluso) cerivically on the facial and lingual surfaces best observed by viewing these surface outlines from proximal aspect |
| mesial and distal surfaces also have heights of contour normally located on... | contact areas |
| if contour is excessive... | the food flow will be deflected away from the gingiva and inadequate stimulation of these tissues may result in their breakdown |
| if contour is insufficient... | does not provide adequate protection and overstimulation or insult to the gingival tissue may result in deterioration |
| what are the rules for facial surfaces of all anterior and posterior teeth height of contour | located in the cervical third |
| what are the rules for lingual surfaces on anterior teeth height of contour? | incisors and canines the height of contour is found in cervical third |
| what are the rules for lingual surfaces on posterior teeth height of contour? | premolars and molars is located in the middle or occlusal third |
| what is the cervical line or cement-enamel junction | line around the tooth where the enamel and the cementum meet it is a stable entity, only observable when not covered by soft tissue covers the anatomical crown from anatomical root |
| how is the gingival line and the cervical line different? | gingival line is ever changing cervical line is stable entity |
| what is the gingival line or gingival margin or gingival crest? | imaginary line which marks the level of termination of the nonattached soft tissue surrounding the tooth separates the clinical crown and root, always observable clinically |
| what is epithelial attachment? | actual attachment of the soft tissue of the mouth to the tooth connection for the soft tissue |
| epithelial attachment has a tendency to migrate... | apically during a person's lifetime |
| the epithelial attachment is normally found close to the... | CEJ |
| where is epithelial attachment found in young people? old people? | enamel in cervical third for young cementum of the root in older |
| the cervical line is normally curved (convex) or bulges towards what on the facial and lingual surfaces of the teeth? | the apical on the facial and lingual surfaces of teeth |
| the cervical line is normally curved (convex) towards what on the mesial and distal surfaces of the teeth? | incisal (occlusal) |
| the amount of depth of cervical line curvature on any individual tooth is... | normally greater on the mesial as compared to the distal surface |
| cervical lines on adjacent proximal surfaces of adjacent teeth have approximately... | the same depth of curvature |
| the depth of curvature on all surfaces is... | greatest on central incisors decreases posteriorly |
| what is the marginal ridge | mesial and distal terminations of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth and lingual surfaces on anterior teeth |
| where are marginal ridges normally bulkier? | posterior teeth |
| the height of the marginal ridges of adjacent teeth in the same arch should be.... | at the same level |
| which tooth has the longest and strongest root in both arches? | canine |
| roots are normally widest towards the _____ and taper towards the ____ | cervical area and taper towards the apex |
| anterior teeth and premolars normally have how many roots? | single root EXCEPTION: MAXILLARY FIRST PREMOLAR |
| how many roots does the maxillary first premolar have | two root branches buccal and a lingual |
| maxillary molars have how many roots | three roots one lingual and two buccal branches |
| mandibular molars normally have how many roots? | two roots one mesial and one distal branch |
| tooth ___ and ___ are directly related | form and function |
| when compared to the contact areas on tooth #24, those of tooth #29 | are more facially located |
| the crest of curvature of the lingual surface of tooth #31 is located in the same third of the crown as the crest of curvature of the... | lingual surface of tooth #12 |
| of the following surfaces of permanent teeth, the height of contour is normally found in the middle third of the crown on the... | lingual surfaces of maxillary premolars |
| facial and lingual surfaces of anteriors are what shape? | trapezoidal |
| facial and lingual surfaces of posteriors are what shape? | trapezoidal |
| proximal surfaces of maxillary posteriors are what shape? | trapezoidal |
| proximal surfaces of anteriors are what shape? | triangular |
| proximal surfaces of mandibular posteriors are what shape? | rhomboidal |
| where are the crests of curvature on mesial surfaces of teeth | contact areas |
| where are the crests of curvature on distal surfaces of teeth? | contact areas |
| where are the crests of curvature on the facial surfaces of teeth? | cervical third of every tooth |
| where are the crest of curvature of lingual surfaces on anteriors teeth? | cervical third on cingulum |
| where are the crests of curvature of lingual surfaces on posterior teeth? | middle or occlusal |
| what is the general rule for locating contact areas in their facial lingual relation for anterior teeth? | centered |
| what is the general rule for locating contact areas in their facial lingual relation for posterior teeth? | offset to the buccal |
| incisors (maxillary) inclination of roots | towards the lingual and mesial |
| canine (maxillary) inclination of roots | towards the lingual and distal |
| premolars (maxillary) inclination of roots | towards the lingual and the distal |
| molars (maxillary) inclination of roots | towards the lingual and the mesial |
| incisors roots (mandibular) inclination of the roots | towards the lingual and mesial or straight |
| canine roots (mandibular) inclinations of the roots | towards the lingual and distal |
| 1st premolars (mandibular) inclinations of the roots | towards the lingual and distal |
| 2nd premolars (mandibular) inclinations of the roots | towards the buccal and distal |
| molars (mandibular) inclinations of the roots | towards the buccal and distal |
| crowns of maxillary teeth towards | buccal |
| crowns of mandibular teeth towars | lingual |
| as contact areas become more cervical... what increases and what decreases? | incisal embrasures increase in size cervical embrasures decrease in size |
| as contact areas move farther to the facial (posterior) teeth what increases and what decreases? | size of the facial embrasure decreases lingual embrasure increases |
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Chobchi
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