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AP World History

Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 12

Term	Definition	Significance	Time Period	Chapter	Region
Decline in Manichaism	(blank)Manichaism came under pressure in the Sasanid Empire due to the emperor’s desire to spread Zoroastrianism. Manichaists were also persecuted against in the Roman Empire because of the religion’s origins in the Sasanid Empire.	(blank)The decline of Manichaism showed how the authority of the state overpowered the religious preferences of its people, thus defining the all-powerful leaders of the time period.	5th and 6th centuries CE (classical period)	12	Mediterranean
Epidemic Diseases	(blank)Large outbreaks of bubonic plague, measles, and smallpox that caused significant demographic damage (around ¼ of the population in China and Rome) and had a partial impact on the fall of the Han and Roman Empires.	(blank)Large outbreaks of bubonic plague, measles, and smallpox that caused significant demographic damage (around ¼ of the population in China and Rome) and had a partial impact on the fall of the Han and Roman Empires.	100-600 CE	12	Mediterranean and China
Effects of Epidemic Diseases	(blank)Epidemic disease led to the constriction of economies with desperate attempts towards self-sufficiency, as well as a withdrawal from the larger imperial market.	(blank)The economic and social changes led to the weakening of the Han and Roman Empires, thus serving as catalysts to their falls.	100-600CE	12	(blank)Mediterranean and China
Peasant Rebellion	Due to the large landowners of the Han Dynasty gaining influence in government and reducing their taxes, peasants were forced to carry a heavier burden causing many peasants to organize rebellions, most notably the Yellow Turban Rebellion.	The growing power of the wealthy prompted discontent in the peasants, all in all contributing to the internal decay of the Han Dynasty and assisting in its collapse.	Around 100-220CE	12	China
Collapse of the Han Dynasty	The Han Dynasty finally fell when in 190CE the Han emperor became a puppet figure and generals with armies alligned with landowners leading to the fall of the Han Dynasty in 220 CE and the division of the empire into three kingdoms.	The fall of the Han Dynasty led to the disunity of China for over 350 years and also projected foreign nomadic influence into the region.	190-220CE	12	China
Sinicization of the Nomadic Peoples	Nomadic peoples filtering into China adopted Chinese ways of agriculture, philosophy, structure building, and literature and became increasingly intertwined with the Chinese people (marriage). They built their society in a turbulant world.	The sinicization of nomads allowed for people from other cultures to become part of Chinese life and also promted the popularity of Buddhism and Daoism in an effort to find peace and the loss of faith in Confucianism.	220-570CE	12	China
the monsoon system	governed sailing and shipping in Indian Ocean, knowledge of winds allowed mariners to sail safely	aloowed for trade throughout Indian Ocean basin and when used properly allowed ships to travel faster than usual; helped enhance world trade	second century b.c.e.	12	India-indian ocean basin
trade in the hellenistic world	trade from Bactria and India in east to Mediterranean basin in west. From India:spices,pepper,cosmetics,gems,and pearls by caravan and ship. Persia and Egypt:grain. Mediterranean: wine, olive oil,jewlery, art.	trade allowed different areas to receive goods that were previously unheard of in their areas. It also allowed for an exchange of ideas and philosophies.	hellenistic era	12	Bactria, India, Mediterranean,Persia,Egypt(eurasia and hellenistic world)
overland trade routes	network of trade routes that were called silk roads because high-quality silk was a principal commodity. It was a caravan trade system from the Roman empire to China	connected eurasian landmass and allowed a constant and easy flow of goods from one land to another. It also helped create a whole new era of social interaction	200 b.c.e.-300 c.e.	12	china to Roman empire, eurasian landmass, classical empires
sea lanes and maritime trade	Sea lanes from the South China Sea linked east Asia to SE Asia.Indian sea lanes went through the Arabian Sea to Persia and Arabia.From the Persian Gulf & Red Sea they went to the Mediterranean basin.Silk and spices traveled west from SE Asia,China,& India	These lanes allowed goods and technology to travel from one area to another in a whole different way. Goods could now travel from one area to another from land or sea.	200 b.c.e-300c.e.	12	China, India, SW and SE Asia, Persia, Arabia, Mediterranean, north Africa
trade goods	Silk and spices from China, SE Asia, and India. Central Asia made large, strong horses and jade. The Roman empire made glassware, jewlery, art, decorations, bronze goods, textiles. pottery, iron tools, olive oil, wine, & gold and silver bullion	Allowed lands to get goods that are not natural to their areas and created new types of foods,drugs, perfumess, potions, etc.	200 b.c.e-300c.e., classical times	12	Roman empire Cental Asia, China, Mdeiterranean
the organization of long-distance trade	Long-distance trade was handled in stages.No merchant went across all of Eurasia.They would pass the goods to another merchant in exchange for something else until the goods reached their destination.Malayans and Persians were some of the major mariners.	This system of organization allowed for easier trade and quicker attainment of good. It also helped stimulate economies along the trade routes.	200 b.c.e.-300c.e especially 1st century b.c.e-1st century c.e.	12	silk roads(Eurasia) and South China Sea, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, Mediterranean Basin
Taklamakan Desert	It was also known as the Tarim Basin and is translated as "he who enters does not come back out" because it is so dangerous. The silk road splits and goes to the north and south of it, but not directly through.	This desert not only caused the death of anyone who crossed it, but also forced the Silk roads to be split into two different directions.	not time period specific just an area, but used from 200b.c.e.- 300c.e.	12	central asia
roads and bridges	Rulers invested in them for military and administrative reasons, but they also encouraged trade and exchanges between socieies.	They created interaction between socities that previously had no connetions and they held together an empire.	during the classical age	12	Eurasia
Popularity of Buddhism	Buddhism gained acceptance in China with the fall of the Han Dynasty, which prompted nomadic Buddhists to enter China and spread the faith to the Chinese. The instability of the period also strengthed the doctrine of Buddhism, which sought for peace.	Buddhism in China established a vital cultural foundation neccessary to the restoration of unified political order.	4th and 6th centuries CE	12	China
The Barracks Emperors	The 26 claimants to the Roman imperial throne (mostly generals) who went through a series of power struggles resulting in all but one of their assasinations.	These series of power struggles sparked further internal decay of the Roman empire, which already teetered from sheer size and devastating epidemics.	235-284CE	12	Mediterranean (Rome)
Buddhism In Central Asia	many residents of the oasis towns along the silk roads adopted this prominent faith	spread Buddhism to nomadic people from the steppes and aided the overall expansion of the religion	2nd century B.C.E.	12	Central Asia
Buddism in China	Chinese foreign merchants were the first believers and built many monosaries and had missionaries to help spread Buddhism in China as well as along the silk roads	The presence of the merchants' monosaries and their missionaries attracted many Chinese converts and helped faciliate the spread of Buddhism into other regions such as east Asia, Japan, and Korea	1st century B.C.E.	12	China
Buddism in Southeast Asia	spread by merchants traveling on the silk roads, many rulers converted to Buddhism,	enhanced authority by associating themeselves with honored religious traditions and set a precedent of this for many future societies	late centuries B.C.E., first century C.E.	12	Southeast Asia
Hinduism In Southeast Asia	spread by merchants traveling on the silk roads, most prominent in modern Vietnam and Cambodia, led to the adoption of Sanskirt as a written language, Shiva and Vishnu most prominent cults	significantly impacted the style and architecture of souteastern Asian cities as well as their cultural traditions	late centuries B.C.E., first century C.E.	12	Southeast Asia
Christianity in the Mediterranean Basin	Christianity became an enourmously popular religion in the Roman Empire, Greece, Italy, Spain, and many other prominent regions thanks to the help of Gregory the wonderworker	led to the expansion of Christianity in many other regions such as southwest Asia	2nd and 3rd centuries C.E.	12	The Mediterranean Basin
Christianity in Southwest Asia	Sizable Christian communties began to flourish in regions such as Mesopotamia, Iran, and as far as India as well as many other regions, endureds forced Islamic conversions	aided Christianity into becoming a prominent source of religious inspiration, facilitated the spread of a major religion still practiced in large numbers today	2nd century C.E.	12	Southwest Asia
Mani	a prophet, a devout Zoroastrian from Babylon and Mesopotamia, and the founder of the religion called Manichaeism	Offered the world a rational explanation for the presence of good and evil,	216-272 C.E.	12	The Roman Empire
Manichaeism	This religion, founded by Mani, appealled strongly to merchnats and had two sects, "the elect," and "the hearers"	Attracted so many converts that it became a prominent religion and affected the cultural, political, and religous aspects of mant societies, especially the Roman Empire	The 2nd and 3rd centuries C.E.	12	The Roman Empire
Manichaean Ethics	"the elect" were devout and abstained from sex, fine clothing, meat, rich foods, and other comforts and dedicated their lives to prayer, ritual observacnes and fasting, and the "hearers" who led more conventional lives but still adhered to a moral code	affected the lives of many individuals as they follwed these rules and ethics, and also slowed the spread of other major religions, thus impacting the religious aspects of many societies	The 2nd and 3rd centuries C.E.	12	The Roman Empire
Gregory The Wonderworker	a tireless Christian missionary who helped facilitate the spread of religion in central Anatolia, was able to perform miracles, and expelled demons	led to the spread of Christianity into southwest Asia as well as many other regions and helped Christianity become world-wide and a largely practiced prominent religion	mid-3rd century C.E.	12	Central Anatolia
Emperor Diocletion	Divided the Roman Empire into the East and West districts which reported to the Emporer. The new and more effective government stopped inflation and stabilized the economy.	decentrailized the government which made rome prone to internal struggles.	284-305 CE	12	Mediterranean
Tetrarchs	The four officials who aided the coemperor in governing both the Eastern and Western districts of Rome	After Diocletion's resignation of office, the Tetrarchs engaged in internal struggles for power and a bitter civil war.	284-324 CE	12	Mediterranean
Emporer Constantine	The son of Diocletion's coruler Constantius, Constantine reunited the Roman Empire and moved the capitol to the strategic location of Constantine.	His reunification of the two halves of the empire made it harder to govern. this led to the collapse of the western portion.	324-350 CE	12	Mediterranean
Visigoths	Orrigionally from Scandinavia and Russia, the Visigoths settled around the northeatsern border of Rome, acting as buffer states. They drew deep inspiration from Roman society and law, and in 410, sacked Rome	they streamed into Rome when threatened by the Huns and brought down the Western Empire	since 2nd century CE	12	Mediterranean
Attilla the Hun	Led the nomadic Huns in a conquest through Europe, pressuring the Germanic neighbors of Rome to invade for protection	forced Germanic people to invade and eventually collapse Rome	mid 5th century CE	12	Mediterranean
Romulus Agustulus	Was the last Roman emporer of the Western half. He was deposed by the Germanic general,	(blank)	(blank)	12	Mediterranean
(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	12	Mediterranean
(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	12	Mediterranean
(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	12	Mediterranean
Diocletion	Roman emperor who divided the Empire into the Eastern and Western districts headed by corulers. He stopped inflation and stabilized the economy	New decentrialized rule led to internal power struggles	284-305 CE	12	Mediterranean
Tetrarchs	The four officils who helped the coruled govern half of the Empire.	After Diocletion's resignation, the tetrarchs fought over power and started a civil war	284-324 CE	12	Mediterranean
Constantine	Was the son of Diocletion's coruler, Constantus, he reunified Rome and moved the capitol to the strategic location of Constantinople	The recentralization of power in the Empire made it more difficult to govern and led to the collapse of the western half	324-350 CE	12	Mediterranean
Visigoths	Germanic settlers around the northern borders of rome, who invaded and sacked Rome in 476.	was mostly responsible for the fall of Western Rome	since 2nd century CE	12	Mediterranean
Romulus Agustulus	Was the last emperor of the western half of Rome. He was deposed by the Germanic general,Odovacer in 476	ended the long chain of	476 CE	12	Mediterranean
Edct of Milan	Promulgated by Constantine, it pronounced that christianity was legal in the Roman Empire	allowed for a signifigant spread of christianity	312 CE	12	Mediterranean
Theodosius	Proclaimed christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire	Greatly influenced and quickened the spread of Christianity	380 CE	12	Mediterranean
St. Agustine	The well educated bishop of the north African city of Hippo who's writings on christianity persuaded people to convert	was key in the spread of christianity through literature	354-430 CE	12	Mediterranean
Dioceses	The districts which the bishops governed	Every important Roman city was a part of a christian diocese	-	12	Mediterranean
Council of Nicaea and Chaldon	Discussed the issue of Jesus' nature. The bishops agreed that Jesus was both completely human and completely devine.	Solved the ongoing arguement between Nestorians and Arians	325, 451 CE	12	Mediterranean

Created by: ch12isthebest

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