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AP World History
Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 13
| Term | Definition | Significance | Time Period | Chapter | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greens and Blues | Two factions of chariot racing fans that often fought outside of the Hippodrome and sought to influence imperial officials to favor one group over the other. | Greens and Blues in 532 CE started a riot that ultimate lead to Justinian rebuilding the city of Constantinople on an even greater scale. | 5th - 7th centuries | 13 | Byzantine Empire, city of Constantinople |
| bezant | Byzantine gold coin, used as currency | The standard currency of the Mediterranean basin for more than half a millennium | 6th -12th centuries | 13 | Mediterranean |
| theme system | made land available to those who performed military service | strengthened free peasantry, but in the long run reduced free peasantry and made wealthy landowners stronger | 6th - 13th centuries | 13 | Byzantine Empire |
| the City” | Constantinople | : Constantinople was the greatest of the Byzantine cities, and had no rivals | : 5th – 13th centuries | 13 | Byzantine Empire |
| silk | very important high-quality textile manufactured in the Byzantine Empire | Byzantium was the principal supplier of silk in the Mediterranean, stimulated economy and was so important the government closely supervised every step in its making | 6th – 13th centuries | 13 | Byzantine Empire |
| banks | provided loans to businesses made trade easier | introduced partnerships, making trade less risky, stimulated commercial trade | 6th - present | 13 | Byzantine Empire |
| Hippodrome | a large stadium, mass entertainment | supplied entertainment to the public, Greens and Blues were started here | 5th - 12th | 13 | Byzantine Empire |
| The Wealth and Commerce of Constantinople | Benjamin of Tudela’s travels in Europe and Asia | there is no other place like Constantinople in the world | 12th century | 13 | Europe, Asia |
| Constantinople | the largest city in Europe | population over one million people, center of trade | 5th - 13th centuries | 13 | Europe |
| free peasants | peasants who owned small plots of land | backbone of the Byzantine military system, provided food for Byzantine Empire | 5th – 13th centuries | 13 | Byzantine Empire |
| Basil II | "Basil the Burglar-Slayer" | Captured Syria from the Muslims, demolished taxes for about 2 years due to the massive wealth they obtained from expansion | 976-1025 CE | 13 | Byzantine Empire |
| Constantinople | capital city of the Byzantine empire. Founded by Constantine. | This city served as an economically essential center of trade between Asia and Europe. This city brought about the diffusion of ideas and innovations across the world. | Constantinople was made popular circa 340 ad and is still around today. | 13 | Byzantium |
| Latter Roman Empire | Another name for the Byzantine empire. The Byzantines liked to think of them selves as the next Rome. | This nick-name suggests how strongly the Byzantine empire borrows from roman traditions | This nick-name became popular circa 340 ad but the title has long been abandoned. | 13 | Byzantium |
| Caesaropapism | The combination of secular power of empirical rule and the power wielded by the Christian church. More simply put, combination of church and state. | This system brought about supreme authority to the government. This form of government has spread through out the world, eventually evolving into theocracy as we see it today. | Term was made during the rule of Augustus Caesar | 13 | Byzantium |
| Justinian’s code | Also known as, “Corpus Juris Civilis”, meaning, “Body of Civil Law. | Revived roman law in the middle ages. Kept the church from taking over and instating a theocracy. Moved civilizations closer to constitutional governments. | Instituted 529- 534 ad | 13 | Byzantium |
| Theme System | main administrative units of the Byzantine empire. Large tracts of land were given away to peasants in exchange for military allegiance and a call to action. | This administrative system is similar to the United State’s policy of enhanced government provided benefits for people actively serving in the military. | System arranged circa 530 ad | 13 | Byzantium |
| Council of Nicea | Was a council headed by Constantine consisting of bishops, spokesman, and Christian leaders that decided whether Jesus was divine or mortal | Because the end verdict decided Jesus was mortally divine, any who advocated otherwise would be considered heretics, as declared by Constantine. It also decided to destroy many accounts of Jesus’ life and teachings | 325 C.E. | 13 | Anatolia |
| Arius | He was an Alexandrian priest who preached Jesus was a mortal creation of God, not a manifestation of Him. He headed the Arian movement | He and his followers helped establish at Nicea through compromise that Jesus was both mortal and divine. His teachings also had the unintended effect of pitting many Christians against other Christians. | 250-336 C.E. | 13 | Alexandria, Southeast Mediterranean |
| Iconoclasm | Was a movement headed by emperor Leo III to eliminate all religious icons for fear of worshipping physical objects rather than God | Was the most divisive ecclesiastcal policy if any Byzantine emperor. Led to the Great Schism. Made Eastern Orthodox worship harder because there wasn’t something physical to focus religious worship. | 725 C.E. | 13 | Byzantine Empire |
| Aristotle | Was a philosopher. A student of Plato’s. Broke away from Plato’s theory of Forms or Ideas because he thought the senses could provide reliable information and therefore reactions dictated by one’s surroundings. | European Christians regarded him as an intellectual authority. Much of Christian theology modified to harmonize its teachings with mainly Aristotle’s, but also Plato’s views. Considered the “master of those who know” by Christian scholastic fathers from m | 384 B.C.E | 13 | Greece, Byzantine Empire |
| Ascetism | The self-denial of desires or wants, usually in order to achieve some higher form of knowledge or understanding | Byzantine monasticism grew out of Christine asceticism, which would result in Byzantine Orthodox to be far more strict | Throughout Christianity (32-2008 C.E.) | 13 | Byzantine Empire |
| Byzantine Monasticism | A religious way of life revolving around a monastery, increased in effectiveness by St. Basil of Caesarea, emphasized the leading of moral lives | Byzantine Monasticism would spread throughout the empire, become popular with the people; since the Protestant churches grew partly out of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Byzantine Monasticism would affect the doctrines of these new sects | 4th century-present day | 13 | Byzantine empire, especially northern Greece |
| Mt. Athos | Cold, windy peninsular mountain in northern Greece | Home to the most famous Byzantine monastic community, off-limits to female humans and animals (to ward off carnal thoughts), example of difference between Western and Eastern monasteries (W.=schools, education, communal centers etc.; E.=extremely ascetic) | 9th century-present day | 13 | Northern Greece |
| Schism | The official separation of the Eastern and Western Churches initiated 1054 C.E. when the patriarch and pope mutually excommunicated each other | No longer would the pope have power over Eastern Churches, led to a new bout of doctrine that would create even more differences between Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity | 1054-present day | 13 | Mediterranean Basin |
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jellysecrets
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