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AP World History

Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 21

TermDefinitionSignificanceTime PeriodChapterRegion
Aboriginal Australians nomadic, foraging society native to Austalia (small amounts of trade) despite the option of stable agriculture, the Aboriginies remained nomadic 1000-1500CE Chapter 21 Australia
Sweet Potatoes an important source of food for Pacific Islanders and especially New Zealand borrowed from the Soth Americans, it represented the skill of Polynesian mariners and in turn benefitted their society with another plentiful source of food established throughout the island, 400-700CE Chapter 21 Polynesia
Fishponds a pool built with a gate that allowed large fish to be trapped in, while small fish could swim out provided Hawaian natives with a large food supply, and correspondingly larger population 1100-1300CE Chapter 21 Hawai'i
Easter Island a small island that became overpopoulated to the point at which they divided into opposing camps, then fought, killed, desecrated, and occasionally ate they enemies portray the negative effects of overpopulation 1100-1500CE Chapter 21 Easter Island
Saneleur Daynasty ruled over the island of Pohnpei, using large scale administrative techniques had social organization on a large scale never before seen in Oceania 1200-1600 Chapter 21 Caroline Islands, Oceania
Nan Madol the administrative center of the Sandeleur Dynasty, it is composed of ninety-three man-made iselets and is surrounded by thick walls controlled the Sandeleur Dyansty and was the only place in Oceania with such an advanced administation built 1200-1600CE Chapter 21 Caroline Islands, Oceania
ali'i nui a social class of high cheifs in Hawai'i that were very well respected, ate food forbidden to commoners, and wore great feathered coats most Pacific Islander societies were cheifdoms, also it is an expample of the distint social classes emerging in the islands 1000-1500CE Chapter 21 Hawai'i
marae temples with terraced floors and thatched roofs, or else walled courtyards home to many religious ceremonies, very importatn to society because priests are the messangers of gods 1000-1500CE Chapter 21 Pacific Islands
Mahaiatea a marae in Tahiti shaped like a step pyramid, one of the largest maraes in the world showshow impprtant gods and priests are to Pacific Islander communities becasue of its magnificence built between 1000-1500 Chapter 21 Tahiti
tabu something the high cheifs forbid commoners to do, eat, or act in Hawai'i portatrays the power and respect the high cheifs command 1100-1500 Chapter 21 Hawai'i
chinampas agricultural gardens used by Mexica (Aztecs) in which fertile muck from lake bottoms was dredged and built up into small plots allowed for cultivation jobs to open up to commoners -who were the bulk of Mexica population 1300-1500CE Chapter 21 Mexica Society (in an area located around the Yucatan Peninsula)
calpulli clans or groups of families claiming descent from common ancestors calpulli assigned plots to the commoners in order to have them cultivated; calpulli allowed for organized agricultural success in Mexica society 1345-1500CE Chapter 21 above the Yucatan Peninsula
Quetzalcóatl (keht-zahl-koh-AHT'l) aztec god, the "feathered serpant," who was borrowed originally from the Toltecs; Quetzalcóatl was believed to have been defeated by another god and exiled, and he promised to return. Also known as the lord of life supported arts, crafts, and agriculture in Mexica society 1345-1500CE Chapter 21 above the Yucatan Peninsula
Tezcatlipoca aztec god, "the Smoking Mirror," a powerful figure associated with giving and taking life; the patron deity of warriors. Also known as the god of death provided a major source of mortality for the Mexica people (Afterlife?) 1345-1500CE Chapter 21 above the Yucatan Peninsula
Huitzilopochtli (wee-tsee-loh-pockt-lee) sun god and patron deity of the Aztecs. Military success persuaded Mexica people that Huitzilopochtli favored the Mexica, and as military successed mounted, the priests of Huitzilopochtli's cult demanded sacrificial victims to keep the war god appeased Mexica enthusiasm for human sacrifice followed from their devotion to Huitzilopochtli 1345-1500CE Chapter 21 above the Yucatan Peninsula
bloodletting a Mexica ritual in which sacrificial offerings of humans were made in honor to the gods; the gods were thought to have created the world (watered crops) by shedding their own blood, and the Mexica peoples perform rituals to honor this belief reflected the desire of the Mexica to keep their agricultural society growing 1345-1500CE Chapter 21 above the Yucatan Peninsula
Pueblo native americans wo irrigated maize crops and built adobe homes introduced stone and adobe buildings to the Americas 700-1000CE Chapter 21 North America
Navajo native americans who were similar to the Pueblo; the Navajo hunted small game -like rabbits- and raised crops of wild plants introduced cultivation of wild plants too the Americas 700-1000CE Chapter 21 North America
Iroquois (EAR-uh-kwoi) eastern American Indian confederation made up of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga,and Seneca tribes introduced longhouses conrtolled mainly by women; the Iroquoi people showed equality and respect for women (establishment of women's rights) 1000-1450CE Chapter 21 North America (east of the Mississippi River)
Cahokia (kuh-HOH-kee-uh) large structure in modern day Illinois that was constructed by the mound-building peoples; it was the third largest structure in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans provided prime locations for rituals, ceremonies, dwellings, and even burial sites for the mound-building people of the Mexica 1400-1500CE Chapter 21 above the Yucatan Peninsula
toltecs the people of Teotihuachan who were centered around the city of Tula located in central america forced subordinate tribes to pay tribute to them 8th century 21 central america
Tula important craft and trade center of the Toltec diversity within the city caused tension leading to the end of the Toltec empire 1125 CE 11th century 21 central america
the Mexica a people who migrated to Mexico from the north - commonly known as the Aztecs disrupted neighboring people by stealing their land and women 15th century 21 central america
Tenochtitlan Aztec capital created in the middle of a lake developed Chinampa a form of agriculture used in marshlands 1345 21 central america
The Aztec Empire Mexica overpowered their neighbors and gained tribute along with land allowing them to create an empire joined with the Texcoco and Tlacopan to gain control over 12 million people 15th century 21 central america
Tribute and Trade the Mexica took tribute from neighboring people - used objects gained from tribute to trade tribute requirements were often quite oppressive towards the neighboring people 15th century 21 central america
Social Structure Mexica warriors were very high on the social hierarchy because it was a military state common people could improve their social standing by performing well in battle 16th century 21 central america
Warriors received land based on ability and received tribute from lower classes the most important warriors formed a council and made decisions on public issues 16th century 21 central america
Mexica women almost no public role in society - respected as mothers worked in markets but were encouraged to stay home 15th century 21 central america
Priests ranked in the elite of society - were specially educated - advised rulers with their knowledge of the universe very prominent and influential politically 15th century 21 central america
Created by: charlie21
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