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Exam 1 PNS
Neuroscience PNS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most common neuronal cell? | Multipolar |
| T/F: ALL neurons exhibit a cell body AND a axon? | T |
| T/F: Neurons have more than one axon? | F- Only one axon |
| What cells do NOT have dendrites? | Pseudounipolar cells |
| Are multipolar neurons motor or sensory? | Both, motor and sensory |
| Are psuedounipolar motor or sensory? | Sensory only (Primary afferent, GSA, GVA) |
| Where are CNS neurons COMPLETELY contained? | CNS |
| What type of neuron (CNS/PNS) is psuedounipolar? | PNS (Only functional ex: primary AFFerent neuron) |
| Afferent PNS examples? | GSA, GVA, SVA, SSA |
| All pre-ganglionic GVE neurons have ___ axons | Myelinated |
| All post-ganglionic GVE neurons have ___ axons | Unmyelinated |
| All neuron cel bodies in CNS are derived from where? | Mantle zone of the neural tube |
| All neuron cell bodies in PNS are derived from where? | Neural crest |
| What is the only cell to arise from mesenchyme? | Microgila (phagocytes) |
| All cells except phagocytes, arise from? | Neuroectoderm |
| Neural tube derivatives of the CNS are made up of what 3 layers? | Ependymal layer, Mantle layer, Marginal layer |
| What is made from the ependymal layer? | CNS neuroglial cells: Ependymal cells, astrocytes, oligodenddrocytes |
| What is made from the mantle zone? | All neurons of CNS. PNS neurons: GSE, pre-gang GVE. IN ADULTS BECOMES GRAY MATTER |
| What is made from the marginal zone? | White matter and tracts |
| The sulcus limitans divides the neural tube into? | Alar plate and Basal plate |
| Alar plate? | Sensory. Dorsal in cord, more anterolateral in brain |
| Basal plate? | Motor. Ventral in cord, more dorsal in brain |
| What are the 3 cephalic enlargements? | Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, rhombencephalon |
| Prosencephalon is made of? | Telencephalon and Diencephalon |
| Rhombencephalon is made of? | Metencephalon and Myelencephalon |
| Where is the pontine flexure located? | BW metencephalon and myelencephalon |
| What does the pontine flexure give rise too? | Rhombic lip of metencephalic alar plate and becomes the cerebellum |
| Define tectum? | (Roof) superior and inferior colliculus |
| Define tegmentum? | (Floor) in midbrain , pons, medulla |
| What do all cells require for maintaing resting potential? | Passive ion channels |
| What channel creates the spike potential of an action potential? | Sodium channel |
| T/F: Chemically dependent channels are NOT all or none? | T - They mediate EPSP, IPSP, MEPP |
| T/F: The C1 dorsal ramus contains NO sensory component? | T |
| What does the dorsal primary ramus (D1R) innervate? | Skeletal M, aa, glands, skin of the back or posterior surfaces of the head |
| What does the ventral primary ramus (V1P) innervate? | Anterolateral portions of the body wall and the extremities |
| What axons do the D1R contain? | GVE, GSE, GVA, GSA |
| What axons do the V1R contain? | GVE, GSE, GVA, GSA |
| What are the two types of communicating rami? | Gray and white |
| What is the purpose of the communicating rami? | These branches serve to connect the spinal nerve with the sympathetic chain ganglia |
| T/F: The WHITE rami are myelinated, pre-gang fibers (GVE pre-gang), and visceral afferent axons that return info from organ systems/internal cavity vessels to the CNS | T |
| T/F: The GRAY rami are UNmyelinated post-gang fibers (GVE post-gang) arising from sympathetic chain and destined to body wall and limbs | T |
| What 3 things will the post-gang, coming from the GRAY matter, innervate? | Sweat glands, vascular smooth m, erector pili m |
| Where are WHITE rami only found? | Spinal Ns T1-L2,3 |
| T/F: Gray rami are branches of only some spinal Ns? | F- Branches of ALL spinal Ns |
| What are splanchnic Ns branches of? | Certain thoracic, lumbar, and sacral sympathetic chain gang and trunks associated with these spinal Ns |
| Splanchnic Ns provide what types of axons and where? | GVE pre-gang to abdom viscera and also passage for GVA from surrounding areas to CNS |
| Where do the meningeal br arise from? | V1R and gray rami |
| What do the meningeal br supply? | Meningies, BV, intervertebral disc |
| What kind of axons are in the meningeal br? | Sensory- GVA, GSA and sympathetic-GVE-post gang |
| Define dermatome? | The sensory innervation of a dorsal root |
| Define a neuron? | The main structural and functional cellular units of the nervous system. |
| What does a neuron do? | Receives impulses,and has the ability to elicit and effect (either excitatory or inhibitory) |
| What is the receptive portion of a neuron? | Dendrites and cell body (soma) |
| What is the conductive portion of a neuron? | Axon |
| What is the effector portion of a neuron? | Terminal boutons of the axon which store and release neurotransmitters |
| In an axon, which way does the impulse travel compared to the cell body? | AWAY from the cell body |
| T/F: An axon is Incapable of independent protein synthesis. | T- The axon relies on the cell body for ALL its nutrition and maintenance |
| What happens if an axon becomes separated from the cell body? | The axon dies |
| Which has more surface area, dendrite or axon? | Dendrite |
| Does axonal and dendritic transport depend on electrical transmission of impulse conduction? | Nope |
| Dendritic transport is movement in a..... | Cellulifugal direction (AWAY from the cell body) |
| Define axonal transport? | Movement of axoplasm BOTH away from and toward cell body. 2 kinds: anterograde & retrograde |
| Define SLOW anterograde? | Moves at .2-2.5 mm/day for maintenance and repair |
| Define FAST anterograde? | Moves at 200-4oo mm/day Transports subcelluar organelles, mitochondria, and neurotransmitters. Carried out by neurotubules and filaments. ATP required |
| Define retrograde? | Allows for retrieval of raw materials from the terminal to the cell body. Carries many different viral/bacterial particles (herpes simplex, rabies, polio, tetanus. |
| Which synapse: Chemical/Electrical? NTX released at this synapse which then diffuse across the cleft, binding to specific receptor sites (effect is either excitatory or inhibitory) | Chemical |
| Which synapse: Chemical/Electrical? Increased extracellular space (20-30nm)? | Chemical |
| Which synapse: Chemical/Electrical? No synaptic vesicles, no NTX? | Electrical |
| Which synapse: Chemical/Electrical? Mediating agent is a chemical transmitter? | Chemical |
| Which synapse: Chemical/Electrical? Reduced extracellular space (2nm)? | Electrical |
| Which synapse: Chemical/Electrical? No synaptic delay? | Electrical |
| Which synapse: Chemical/Electrical? Pre and postsynp memb are joined at a gap junction? | Electrical |
| Which synapse: Chemical/Electrical? Mediating agent is ionic current? | Electrical |
| Which synapse: Chemical/Electrical? Typically unidirectional? | Chemical |
| Which synapse: Chemical/Electrical? Typically bidirectional? | Electrical |
| Define Retrograde Reaction (axon reaction)? | The total response of the nerve cell body brought about be the loss of part of the axon |
| Who is the Retrograde reaction/axon reaction happening too? | The nerve cell body - its response to losing its axon |
| What are the 4 signs of the nerve cells response to injury? | Cell body swelling, destory the RER (CHROMATOLYSIS), disapperance of the nucleolus, nuclear displacement |
| What dissapears in chromatolysis? | The nissel (rER) substance |
| Define tract? | A bundle of axons in the CNS all doing the same thing |
| What method do you use when you want to find the nuclei when you know where the terminal fields are? | (Exploit) Retrograde tracing method |
| What method do you use when you want to find the terminal fields are and you know where the nuclei are? | Autoradiographic anterograde method |
| Define Nernst Equation? | SPECIFIC ION Estimates the potential at which equilibrium us reached when the electrostatic forces of movement are equal and opposite to the concentration forces |
| Define segmental innervation? | Noun is the MUSCLE |
| Define neurological level? | Noun is the NERVE |
| What axons are in ventral ROOT? | GSE, Pre-GVE |
| What axons are in dorsal ROOT? | GSA, GVA |
| What axons are in V1R | GSA,GVE,GSE,GVE (ALL) |
| What axons are in the D1R? | GSA,GVA,GSE,GVE (ALL) |
| At what level will the spinal cord be present? | Above L3 |
| Where is white rami only found? | T1-L2,3 |
| Where do all pre-gang sympathetic start? | In lateral horn |
| Where is parasympathetic carried? | Carried by Vagus N....vagus N starts in medualla NOT spinal cord |
| T/F: ALL cell membranes have passive/non-gated ion channels? | T |
| Define resting potential? | Inside of the cell membrane is 70mV MORE negative than the outside of the membrane |
| What are the 4 requirements for an AP? | Thin membrane, passive ion channels, proteins, NA/K pump |
| What are the 2 forces that act on ALL ions? | Concentration gradient, electrical gradient |
| With K movement the ___ gradient is GREATER then the ___ gradient | CONCENTRATION grad is greater then the ELECTRICAL grad |
| The net movement of K is? | OUT of the cell |
| Na moves? | INTO the cell |
| What two things can be excited? | Muscle and Nerve tissue |
| What initiates a contraction? | Opening of Ca channels |
| What kind of ion channels does excitable cells have? | GATED ion channels |
| Ligand-dependent channels cause __ potentials? | Subthreshold |
| Voltage-gated dependent channels cause ___potentials? | All or none |
| Ex of a subthreshold potential? | EPSP, IPSP |
| Ex of a all or none potential? | AP |
| Are ligand gated channels specific or non-specific? | Both |
| Ex of a specific ligand gated channel? | K, Cl, IPSP |
| E of a non-specfific ligand gated channel? | Na, K, EPSP |
Created by:
wizdumbslp
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