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Ch. 22 vocabulary
Natural Immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acquired immunity | immune functions learned--develop because of specific stimulus such as infecting microbe--induction of immune response that is remembered--provides long-term immunity |
| Alternative pathway | starts with C3--binding directly to certain microbial polysaccharides--important in preventing infections before antibody production can occur--compliment proteins are always present in the blood |
| Basophils | nonphagocytic cells of natural immunity--enhance inflammatory responses by release of histamine and related chemicals--inflammation allows phagocytic cells to gain entry and increase temp to improve efficiency |
| Chemotactic factors | pieces of C3 & C5, C3a & C5a cleaved free of bacteria to recruit (attract) phagocytic cells to the site of infection |
| Ciliated epithelial cells | sweep the mucous layer toward bodily orifices (openings) |
| Classical pathway | complement system--first component, C1, binds to bacterial-bound antibodies--activated and causes binding and activation of other components--C4, C2, C3, C5--in that order |
| Complement | special set of proteins, circulates throughout body and binds to bacteria |
| Complement cascade | proteins act in a sequential order |
| Cytokines | small chemicals secreted by one cell as a form of communication or signaling to other cells |
| Diapedesis | phagocytes' process of exiting blood stream and squeezing between vascular endothelial cells |
| Eosinophils | momphagocytic cells of natural immunity--release toxins--important in overcoming infection by worms and other parasites that are too large for phagocytic cell to ingest |
| Granules | contain histamin and various toxic chemicals |
| Immunity | human's system of defenses to fight off infection |
| Interferons | small proteins released by infected microphages, fibroblasts, T cells alert neighboring cells--neghboring cells develop antiviral state--defent themselves by degrading viral proteins and inhibiting viral transcription |
| Iron-binding proteins | sequester iron to prevent adequate nutritional availability for microbes |
| Leukocytes | white blood cells |
| Macrophages | (monocytes when in blood) comprise about 8% of leukocytes and are present in many tissues (alveolar macrophages--lung, Kupffer--liver, dendritic--skin) |
| Mast cells | found in tissues, appear to have identical functions to basophils |
| Membrane attack complex | C3b and C5b (b for binding--stays bound to the microbe)--focal point for complement components C6-C7-C8-C9 to bind as complex--forms a pore through bacterial membrane--leakage, lysis, and death of microbe result |
| Natural immunity | nonspecific resistance factors--includes things that are innate, already present in body |
| Neutrophils | cells that their nuclei stain with neutral dye--nuclei are multilobed--several smaller, connected lobes of nucleus apparently help use diapedesis to squeeze through vascular walls to sites of infection in tissues |
| Opsonin | (C3b) means to prepare to eat--structure includes specific receptor for phagocytic PMNs--bind and ingest opsonized particles--binding site not exposed until C3a is cleaved and removed |
| Phagosome | membrane bag inside the phagocytic cell |
| PMNs | (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) bind and subsequently ingest the opsonized particles |
| Reticuloendothelial system | whole system used before phagocytic cells were characterized |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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