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Science vocab cards
vocab cards
Question | Answer |
---|---|
stress | a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
tension | stress taht stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
compression | stress that squezes rock until it folds or breaks |
shearing | stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions in a sideways movement |
normal fault | a type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust |
reverse fault | a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compresssion in the crust |
strike-slip fault | a type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion |
plateau | a large landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface |
earthquake | the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface |
focus | the point beneath Earth's surface where rock first breaks under stress and causes an earthquake |
epicenter | the point on Earth's surface directly above and earthquakes surface |
P wave | a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground |
S wave | a type of seismic wave in which the shaking is perpendicular to the direction of the wave |
surface wave | a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface |
seismograph | a device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth |
modified marcalli scale | a scale that rates the amount of shaking from an earthquake |
magnitude | the measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults |
richter scale | a scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves |
movment magnitude scale | a scale that rates earthquake's by estimating the total energy released by and earthquake |