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TCC Nebauer Vocab 5

TermDefinition
Phenol coefficient method evaluate effectiveness
Thermal death time time to completely sterilize liquid at set temperature
Selective toxicity more toxic to pathogen than host
Desiccation preserve by drying
Lyophilization freeze-drying
Nonionizing radiation UV light
Oxidizing agents release oxygen radicals
Surfactants soaps break up oils
Aldehydes Cross-link functional groups in proteins or DNA
Mimimum inhibitory concentration smallest amount of drug, inhibit growth
PABA microbes need to this make nucleic acids
B-Lactamase enzyme bacteria resistant to penicillin produce
Nucleotide analogs structural similarity, normal nucleotide
Broad spectrum effective, wide variety of microorganisms
Synergism drug enhances effectiveness of another
R-Plasmids extra chromosomal pieces of DNA
Autoclave sterilizes by using steam and pressure @ 121 C for 20 min.
Cross resistance resistance antimicrobial agent = resistance to similar drugs
Parenteral route pathogens deposited beneath the skin
Adhesion factors proteins allow microbes adhere to tissue
Syndrome group of symptoms/signs characterize disease
Subclinical unnoticed infection; lack of symptoms
Etiology study cause of disease
Toxemia toxins in blood stream
Virulence factor ability to infect and cause disease
Prodromal period short period, mild symptoms, precedes illness
Endotoxin Lipid A gram negative bacteria
Resorvoirs Where pathogens are maintained
Fomite inanimate objects, transmit pathogens
Biological vector animals act as both host and vector
Incidence new cases of disease during a given time
Zoonotic disease disease from animal host to human
Endemic relatively stable disease frequency in a given area
Index case first identified patient; disease in given area
Pandemic epidemic more than one contenent
Nosocomial infection disease acquired in health care setting
latrogenic infection acquired through medical procedures
Endogenous infection normal microbiota becomes a pathogen
Latent disease pathogen inactive, later reactivated
Chronic disease Develops slowly and is continual or recurrent
Created by: sarah.teacher36
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