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AQA Psychology
Sex and Gender
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Sex identity | a biological term. A child's sex can be identified by their hormones and chromosomes. This determines whether the child's sex identity is male or female |
Gender identity | a psychological term. A child's gender can be identified by their attitudes and behaviour. This determines whether the child's gender identity is masculine or feminine |
Phallic stage | Freud's third stage of psychosexual development, in which gender development takes place |
Identification | to adopt the attitudes and behaviour of the same sex parent |
Oedipus complex | the conflict experienced by a boy in the phallic stage because he unconsciously desires his mother and is afraid of his father |
Electra complex | the conflict experienced by a girl because she unconsciously desires her father and is afraid of losing her mother's love |
Gender disturbance | not developing the gender identity usually associated with one's sex |
Modelling | a role model provides an example for the child |
Imitation | copying the behaviour of a model |
Vicarious reinforcement | learning from the model's being either rewarded or punished |
Media | means of communication- television, radio, the internet and newspapers are all examples of different types of media |
Gender stereotypes | believing that all males are similar and all females are similar |
Gender schema | a mental building block of knowledge that contains information about each gender |
Gender role | behaviour seen as masculine or feminine by a particular culture |
Highly gender schematised | where gender is an important way of thinking about the world so information is organised according to what is gender appropriate and what is gender inappropriate |