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HVSMT - K&M Study
Q& A on Origin/Insertion/Action/Nerve
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trapezius: Origin | External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 spinous processes |
| Upper Trapezius: Insertion | Lateral third of clavicle, acromion |
| Middle Trapezius: Insertion | Spine of scapula |
| Lower Trapezius: Insertion | Root of spine of scapula |
| Upper Trapezius: Action | Elevation, Upward Rotation |
| Middle Trapezius: Action | Retraction |
| Lower Trapezius: Action | Depression, Upward Rotation |
| Trapezius: Nerve | Cranial XI and branches of C3, 4 via Accessory Nerve |
| Latissimus Dorsi: Origin | Thoracolumbar aponeurosis; lower 6 thoracic spinous processes; Sacrum and iliac crest; Lower 3-4 ribs; Inferior angle of scapula |
| Latissimus Dorsi: Insertion | Bicipetal groove of humerus |
| Latissimus Dorsi: Action | Extension, adduction, medial rotation of humerus |
| Latissimus Dorsi: Nerve | C 6, 7, 8 via Thoracodorsal Nerve |
| Teres Major: Origin | Inferior angle of scapula; Lower third of axillary border of scapula |
| Teres Major: Insertion | Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus |
| Teres Major: Action | Extension, adduction, medial rotation of humerus |
| Teres Major: Nerve | C5, 6 via lower Subscapular Nerve |
| Teres Minor: Origin | Upper 2/3 of axillary border of scapula |
| Teres Minor: Insertion | Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet) |
| Teres Minor: Action | Extension, lateral rotation of humerus |
| Teres Minor: Nerve | C5, 6 via Axillary Nerve |
| Levator Scapula: Origin | C1-4 transverse processes |
| Levator Scapula: Insertion | Vertebral border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine |
| Levator Scapula: Action | Elevation, downward rotation of scapula |
| Levator Scapula: Nerve | C5 and branches of C3, 4 via Dorsal Scapular Nerve |
| Rhomboid Minor: Origin | C7 and T1 spinous processes |
| Rhomboid Minor: Insertion | Root of spine of scapula |
| Rhomboids: Action | Retraction, downward rotation of scapula |
| Rhomboids: Nerve | C5 via Dorsal Scapular Nerve |
| Rhomboid Major: Origin | T2-T5 spinous processes |
| Rhomboid Major: Insertion | Vertebral border of scapula from root of spine to inferior angle |
| Supraspinatus: Orignin | Supraspinous fossa of scapula |
| Supraspinatus: Insertion | Greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet) |
| Supraspinatus: Action | Abduction of humerus; stabilization of head of humerus |
| Supraspinatus: Nerve | C5, 6 via Suprascapular Nerve |
| Infraspinatus: Origin | Infraspinous fossa of scapula |
| Infraspinatus: Insertion | Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet) |
| Infraspinatus: Action | Extension, lateral rotation of humerus |
| Subscapularis: Origin | Subscapular fossa of scapula |
| Subscapularis: Insertion | Lesser tubercle of humerus |
| Subscapularis: Action | Adduction, medial rotation of humerus |
| Subscapularis: Nerve | C5, 6 via Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerve |
| Pectoralis Major (Clavicular Head): Origin | Medial half of clavicle |
| Pectoralis Major (Sternal Head): Origin | Sternum, cartilages of upper 6 ribs |
| Pectoralis Major: Insertion | Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus |
| Pectoralis Major (both heads): Action | Adduction, horizontal adduction, medial roation of humerus |
| Pectoralis Major (Clavicular Head): Action | Flexion of humerus |
| Pectoralis Major (Sternal Head): Action | Extension of humerus from a flexed position |
| Pectoralis Major (Clavicular Head): Nerve | C5, 6, 7 via Lateral Pectoral Nerve |
| Pectoralis Major (Sternal Head): Nerve | C8, T1 via Medial Pectoral Nerve |
| Pectoralis Minor: Origin | Anterior surface of ribs 3, 4, 5 near costal cartilages |
| Pectoralis Minor: Insertion | Coracoid process of scapula (on medial border of superior surface) |
| Pectoralis Minor: Action | Protraction, depression, downward rotation of scapula |
| Pectoralis Minor: Nerve | C8, T1 via Medial Pectoral Nerve |
| Serratus Anterior: Origin | Outer surface of upper 8 ribs (by finger like strips) |
| Serratus Anterior: Insertion | Vertebral border of scapula (anterior surface) |
| Serratus Anterior: Action | Proraction, upward rotation of scapula; stabilizes scapula against chest wall |
| Serratus Anterior: Nerve | C5, 6, 7 via Long Thoracic Nerve |
| Deltoids (Anterior): Origin | Lateral third of clavicle |
| Deltoids (Middle): Origin | Lateral acromion |
| Deltoids (Posterior): Origin | Spine of scapula |
| Deltoids: Insertion | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
| Deltoids (Anterior): Action | Flexion, horizontal adduction, medial rotation of humerus |
| Deltoids (Middle): Action | Abduction of humerus to 90 degrees |
| Deltoids (Posterior): Action | Extension, horizontal abduction, lateral rotation of humerus |
| Deltoids: Nerve | C5, 6 via Axillary Nerve |
| Triceps Brachii (Long Head): Origin | Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula |
| Triceps Brachii (Lateral Head): Origin | Posterious humerus above spiral groove |
| Triceps Brachii (Medial Head): Origin | Posterior humerus below spiral groove |
| Triceps Brachii: Insertion | Olecranon process of ulna |
| Triceps Brachii: Action | Extension of elbow; Long Head: Extension of humerus |
| Triceps Brachii: Nerve | C7, 8 via Radial Nerve |
| Biceps Brachii (Short Head): Origin | Corocoid process of scapula |
| Biceps Brachii (Long Head): Origin | Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula |
| Biceps Brachii: Insertion | Tuberosity of radius; bicipital aponeurosis |
| Biceps Brachii: Action | Flexion of elbow, supination of forearm; Short Head: flexion of humerus |
| Gluteus Maximus: Origin | Posterior sacrum; Ilium (via ligamentous sheath); Superior gluteal line of Ilium |
| Gluteus Maxiumus: Insertion | Gluteal tuberosity of femur; Iliotibial tract (continues to lateral condyle of tibia) |
| Gluteus Maximus: Action | Extension of femur at hip; Lateral rotation of hip; (primary anti-gravity muscle) |
| Gluteus Maximus: Nerve | L5, S1, 2 via Inferior Gluteal Nerve |
| Gluteus Medius: Origin | Iliac crest, ilium between superior and middle gluteal lines |
| Gluteus Medius: Insertion | Greater trochanter of femur |
| Gluteus Medius: Action | Abduction of femur at hip; Anterior Fibers: medial rotation of femur at hip |
| Gluteus Medius: Nerve | L4, 5, S1 via Superior Gluteal Nerve |
| Gluteus Minimus: Origin | Posterior Ilium between middle and inferior gluteal lines |
| Gluteus Minimus: Insertion | Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur |
| Gluteus Minimus: Action | Abduction, medial rotation of femur at hip |
| Gluteus Minimus: Nerve | L4, 5, S1 via Superior Gluteal Nerve |
| Tensor Fasciae Latae: Origin | Iliac crest (posterior to ASIS) |
| Tensor Fasciae Latae: Insertion | Iliotibial tract (which continues to attach to lateral condyle of tibia) |
| Tensor Fascia Latae: Action | Assists abduction, medial rotation, flexion of femur at hip and extension of knee; Prevents collaps of extended knee in amulation |
| Tensor Fasciae Latae: Nerve | L4, 5, S1 via Superior Gluteal Nerve |
| Sartorius: Origin | Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) |
| Sartorius: Insertion | Upper medial shaft of tibia |
| Sartorius: Action | Assists flexion, aduction, lateral rotation of femur at hip; Assists flexion, medial rotation of knee ("tailor position") |
| Longest muscle in body? | Sartorius |
| Quadriceps (Rectus Femoris): Origin | Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine |
| Quadriceps (all): Insertion | Patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| Quadriceps (all): Action | Extension of knee; Rectus Femoris: Assists flexion of femur at hip |
| Quadriceps (all): Nerve | L2, 3, 4 via Femoral Nerve |
| Quadriceps (Vastus Medialis): Origin | Linea aspera on posterior femur |
| Quadriceps (Vastus Lateralis): Origin | Linea aspera on posterior femur, greater trochanter of femur |
| Quadriceps (Vastus Intermedius): Origin | Anterior and lateral femoral shaft |
| Pectineus: Origin | Anterior pubis |
| Pectineus: Insertion | Posterior femur between lesser trochanter and linea asperea |
| Pectineus: Action | Flexion of femur at hip; assists in adduction of femur at hip |
| Pectineus: Nerve | L2, 3, 4 via Femoral Nerve |
| Adductor (Longus and Brevis): Origin | Anterior pubis |
| Adductor (Longus and Brevis): Insertion | Linea aspera on posterior femur |
| Adductor (Longus and Brevis): Action | Adduction of femur at hip; Assists in flexion of hip |
| Adductor (Longus and Brevis): Nerve | L3, 4 via Obdurator Nerve |
| Adductor Magnus (anterior head): Origin | Inferior ramus of pubis |
| Adductor Magnus (posterior head): Origin | Ischial tuberosity and ramus of ischium |
| Adductor Magnus (anterior head): Insertion | Linea aspera of femur |
| Adductor Magnus (posterior head): Insertion | Adductor tubercle of femur |
| Adductor Magnus (both heads): Action | Adduction of femur at hip |
| Adductor Magnus (anterior head): Action | Assists flexion and medial rotation of femur at hip |
| Adductor Magnus (posterior head): Action | Assists extension and lateral rotation of femur at hip |
| Adductor Magnus (anterior head): Nerve | L2, 3, 4 via Obdurator Nerve |
| Adductor Magnus (posterior head): Nerve | L4, 5, S1, 2, 3 via Sciatic Nerve |
| Most superficial and medial hip adductor? | Gracilis |
| Gracilis: Origin | Inferior ramus of anterior pubis |
| Gracilis: Insertion | Medial proximal tibia |
| Gracilis: Action | Adduction of femur at hip; Assists flexion and medial rotation of flexed knee |
| Gracilis: Nerve | L2, 3, 4 via Obdurator Nerve |
| Muscles of hamstrings? | Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembanosus |
| Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris): Origin | Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera |
| Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris): Insertion | Head of fibula (lateral aspect) |
| Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris): Action | Both heads: Flexion of knee, latereral rotation of flexed knee; Long Head: Extension of hip |
| Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris): Nerve | Long Head: S1, 2, 3 via Sciatic Nerve (tibial division); Short Head: L5, S1, 2 via Sciatic Nerve (peroneal division) |
| Hamstrings (Semitend./Semimemb.): Origin | Ischial tuberosity |
| Hamstrings (Semitendinosis): Insertion | Anterior proximal tibial shaft |
| Hamstrings (Semimembranosis): Insertion | Posterior medial tibial condyle |
| Hamstrings (Semitend./Semimemb.): Action | Extension of hip; flexion of knee; medial rotation of flexed knee |
| Hamstrings (Semitend./Semimemb.): Nerve | L5, S1, 2 via Sciatic Nerve |
| Gastrocnemius: Origin | Medial Head: medial epicondyle of femur; Lateral Head: lateral epicondyle of femur |
| Gastrocnemius: Insertion | Calcaneus via tendo Achilles |
| Gastrocnemius: Action | Plantarflexion of ankle *or* Assists flexion of knee |
| Gastrocnemius: Nerve | S1, 2 via Tibial Nerve |
| Soleus: Origin | Soleal line of tibia, posterior and upper shaft of fibula |
| Soleus: Insertion | Calcaneus via tendo Achilles |
| Soleus: Action | Plantarflextion of ankle |
| Soleus: Nerve | S1, 2 via Tibial Nerve |
| Muscles of triceps surae? | Gastrocnemius (both heads) and Soleus |
| Plantaris: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of femur |
| Plantaris: Insertion | Calcaneus via tendo Achilles |
| Plantaris: Action | Assists plantarflexion of ankle; Assists flexion of knee |
| Plantaris: Nerve | L4, 5, S1 via Tibial Nerve |
| Most superficial muscle on back? | Trapezius |
| Widest muscle on back? | Latissimus Dorsi |
| Synergistic w/Latissimus Dorsi? | Teres Major |
| Synergistic w/Teres Major? | Latissimus Dorsi |
| Powerful extensor of humerus active in swimming or chopping w/axe? | Latissimus Dorsi |
| Muscles of rotatator cuff? | Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres Minor - Subscapularis |
| With trapezius, shrugs shoulders? | Levator Scapula |
| When paired, form "Christmas tree" shape due to oblique downward fibers? | Rhomboids |
| Forms anterior wall of axilla? | Pectoralis Major |
| Strongest protractor of scapula (upper cut punch in boxing)? | Serratus Anterior |
| Only muscle on posterior arm? | Triceps brachii |
| Primary anti-gravity muscle; used in rising from seated and climbing stairs? | Gluteus Maximus |
| Membrane surrounding thigh? | Fasciae Latae |
| Thickening of lateral aspect of fasciae latae? | Iliotibial tract (band) |
| Four large anterior muscles that extend knee? | Quadriceps |
| Largest, deepest hip adductor? | Adductor Magnus |
| Sternocleidomastoid: Origin | Sternal Head: manubrium of sternum; Clavicular Head: medial clavicle |
| Sternocleidomastoid: Insertion | Mastoid process of temporal bone |
| Sternocleidomastoid: Action | Bilateral: Flexion of neck; Unilateral: flexion of neck to same side and rotation of head to opposite side |
| Sternocleidomastoid: Nerve | Cranial Nerve XI, C2, 3 via Accessory Nerve |
| Scalenes: Origin | C2-7 transverse processes of cervical vertibrae |
| Scalenes: Insertion | First 2 ribs |
| Scalenes: Action | Bilateral: Flexion of necs *or* assist in forced inspiration; Unilaterally: Assist in lateral flexion of neck to same side |
| Scalenes: Nerve | Ventral Rami of Cervical nerves C3 - 8 (Ventral Rami) |
| How many scalenes are there? | 3: Anterior, Medius and Posterior |
| Rectus Abdominus: Origin | Pubic symphesis and crest |
| Rectus Abdominus: Insertion | Costal cartilages of ribs 5, 6, 7; Xiphoid process |
| Rectus Abdominus: Action | Flexion of trunk; supports compression of abdominal contents |
| Rectus Abdominus: Nerve | Ventral rami of intercostal nerves T7 - T12 |
| Ventral midline fibrous band from xiphoid process to pubis? | Linea alba |
| Contracts strongly when doing situps or leg lifts? | Rectus Abdominus |
| External Oblique: Origin | Lower 8 ribs |
| External Oblique: Insertion | Linea alba, pubis, anterior iliac crest |
| External Oblique: Action | Bilaterally: flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents; Unilaterally: Lateral flexion, roation of trunk to opposite side |
| External Oblique: Nerve | Ventral rami of intercostal nerves T7-T12, L1 (iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve) |
| Internal Oblique: Origin | Inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis |
| Internal Oblique: Insertion | Costal cartilages of lower 4 ribs |
| Internal Oblique: Action | Bilaterally: flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents; Unilaterally: lateral flexion, rotation of trunk to same side |
| Internal Oblique: Nerve | Ventral rami of intercostal nerves T8-T12, L1 (iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve) |
| Transverse Abdominis: Origin | Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, internal surface of costal cartilages of ribs 7-12 |
| Transverse Abdominis: Insertion | Abodominal aponeurosis and linea alba, pubis |
| Transverse Abdominis: Action | Compression of abdominal contents |
| Transverse Abdominis: Nerve | Ventral rami of intercostal nerves T8-T12, L1 (iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve) |
| Abdominal muscles, deep to superficial? | Transverse abdominis, internal obliques, external obliques, rectus abdominus |
| Ligament forming inferior boder of abdominal cavity? | Inguinal Ligament |
| Structures passing through Inguinal canal? | Femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral nerve, spermatic cord, iliopsois muscle |
| Infraspinatus: Nerve | C5, 6 via Suprascapular Nerve |
| Sartorius: Nerve | L2, 3, 4 via Femoral Nerve |
| Biceps Brachii: Nerve | C5, 6 via Musculocutaneous Nerve |
| Anconeus: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of Humerus |
| Anconeus: Insertion | Olecranon Process and upper posterior surface of Ulna |
| Anconeus: Action | Assists flexion of elbow |
| Anconeus: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| Brachialis: Origin | Lower half of anterior shaft of Humerus |
| Brachialis: Insertion | Tuberosity of Ulna; coronoid process of Ulna |
| Brachialis: Action | Flexion of elbow |
| Brachialis: Nerve | Musculocutaneous Nerve |
| What is strongest flexor of elbow? | Brachialis |
| Brachioradialis: Origin | Lateral supracondylar ridge of Humerus |
| Brachioradialis: Insertion | Syloid Process of Radius |
| Brachioradialis: Action | Flexion of elbow with forearm in neutral postion |
| Brachioradialis: Nerve | Radial Nerve |
| Pronator Teres: Origin | Humeral Head - Medial epicondyle of Humerus; Ulnar Head- Coronoid process of Ulna |
| Ponator Teres: Insertion | Middle of lateral shaft of Radius |
| Pronator Teres: Action | Pronation of forearm; assists flexion of elbow |
| Pronator Teres: Nerve | Median Nerve |
| Pronator Quadratus: Origin | Distal fourth of anterior ulna |
| Pronator Quadratus: Insertion | Distal fourth of anterior radius |
| Pronator Quadratus: Action | Pronaton of forearm |
| Pronator Quadratus: Nerve | Median nerve |
| Supinator: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of Humerus; Annular and readial collateral ligaments; Proximal Ulna at supinator crest |
| Supinator: Insertion | Lateral surface of procimal 1/3 of Radius between anterior and posterior oblique lines |
| Supinator: Action | Supination of forearm |
| Supinator: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| Radial nerve passes between superficial and deep layers of this muscle? | Supinator |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Origin | Lateral supercondylar ridge, lateral epicondyle of Humerus |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Insertion | Base of 2nd metacarpal |
| Extensor Radialis Longus: Action | Extension of wrist w/radial deviation |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of Humerus (common extensor tendon) |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Insertion | Base of 3rd metacarpal |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Action | Extension of writs |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of Humerus (common extensor tendon); posterior proximal Ulna |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Insertion | Base of 5th metacarpal |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Action | Extension of wrist w/ulnar deviation |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Origin | Humeral head- Medial epicondyle of Humerus; Ulnar Head-Proximal posterior ulna and olecranon process of Ulna |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Insertion | Pisiform, Hamate, Base of 5th metacarpal |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Action | Flexion of wrist w/ulnar deviation |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Nerve | Ulnar nerve |
| Palmaris Longus: Origin | Medial epicondyle of Humerus |
| Palmaris Longus: Insertion | Palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum |
| Palmaris Longus: Action | Assists flexion of wrist |
| Palmaris Longus: Nerve | Median nerve |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis: Origin | Medial epicondyle of Humerus |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis: Insertion | Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis: Action | Flexion of wrist w/radial deviation |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis: Nerve | Median nerve |
| Extensor Digitorum: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of Humerus (common extensor tendon) |
| Extensor Digitorum: Insertion | Extensor expansion of 4 fingers |
| Extensor Digitorum: Action | Extension of proximal phalanges of 4 fingers at MP joint; assists flexion of wrist |
| Extensor Digitorum: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of Humerus (common extensor tendon) |
| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Insertion | Extensor expansion of little finger |
| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Action | Extenion of 5th proximal phalanx at its MP joint; assists flexion of wrist |
| Extensor Digiti Minimi: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| Extensor Indicis: Origin | Posterior Ulna and Interosseus Membrane |
| Extensor Indicis: Insertion | Extensor expansion of index finger |
| Extensor Indicis: Action | Extension of 2nd proximal phalanx at its MP joint; assists in flexion of wrist |
| Extensor Indicis: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Origin | Humeral Head-Medial epicondyle of Humerus; Ulnar Head-Coronoid process of Ulna; Radial Head- Anterior oblique line of Radius |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Insertion | Both sides of shafts of middle phalanges of 4 fingers |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Action | Flexion of 2-4 middle phalanges at PIP joints; assists flexion of wrist |
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Nerve | Median nerve |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Origin | Middle of anterior Ulna and Interosseus Membrane |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Insertion | Bases of distal phalanges of 4 fingers |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Action | Flexion of 2-4 distal phalanges at DIP joints; assists flexion of wrist |
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Nerve | Median Nerve - radial 2 fingers; Ulnar nerve-ulnar 2 fingers |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus: Origin | Middle of anterior Radius, Interosseus Membrane |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus: Insertion | Distal phalanx of thumb |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus: Action | Flexion of 1st distal phalanx at IP joint |
| Flexor Pollicis Longus: Nerve | Median nerve |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Origin | Posterior Ulna and middle 1/3 of Interosseus Membrane |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Insertion | Base of distal phalanx of thumb |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Action | Extension of 1st distal phalanx at IP joint; assists with wrist ABduction |
| Extensor Pollicis Longus: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Origin | Posterior Radius, Interosseus Membrane |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of thumb |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Action | Extenson of 1st proximal phalanx at MP joint; assists wrist ABduction |
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| ABductor Pollicis Longus: Origin | Posterior Radius, posterior Ulna, Interosseus Membrane |
| ABductor Pollicis Longus: Insesrtion | Base of 1st metacarpal |
| ABductor Pollicis Longus: Action | ABduction of 1st metacarpal at CM joint; assists wrist ABduction |
| ABductor Pollicis Longus: Nerve | Radial nerve |
| ABductor Pollicis Brevis: Origin | Flexor retinaculum, Trapezium, Scaphoid |
| ABductor Pollicis Brevis: Insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of thumb |
| ABductor Pollicis Brevis: Action | ABduction of 1st metacarpal at CM joint |
| ABductor Pollicis Brevis: Nerve | Median nerve |
| Adductor Pollicis: Origin | Transv Hd- ant shaft of 3d MC; Oblique Hd-base of 2d & 3d MCs, capitate, trapezoin, trapezium |
| Adductor Pollicis: Insertion | Base of prox phalanx of thumb; medial side |
| Adductor Pollicis: Action | Adduction of 1st MC at CM joint |
| Adductor Pollicis: Nerve | Ulnar Nerve |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Origin | Superf Hd-Flexor Retinaculum and trapezium; Deep Hd-Trapezoid and Capitate |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Insertion | Base of 1st Prox Phalanx, radial side |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Action | Flexion of 1st Prox Phalanx at MP joint |
| Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Nerve | Superf Hd-Median Nerve; Deep Hd-Ulnar Nerve |
| Opponens Pollicis: Origin | Flexor retinaculum, Trapezium |
| Opponens Pollicis: Insertion | Lateral shaft of 1st MC |
| Opponens Pollicis: Action | Opposition of thumb at CM joint |
| Opponens Pollicis: Nerve | Median nerve |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi: Origin | Flexor retinaculum, hook of Hamate |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi: Insertion | Base of 5th Prox Phalanx |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi: Action | Flexion of 5th Prox Phalan at MP joint |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi: Nerve | Ulnar Nerve |
| Opponens Digit Minimi: Origin | Flexor retinaculum, hook of Hamate |
| Opponens Digit Minimi: Insertion | Ulnar border of 5th MC |
| Opponens Digit Minimi: Action | Opposition of Digiti Mini at CM joint |
| Opponens Digit Minimi: Nerve | Ulnar Nerve |
| ABductor Digiti Minimi: Origin | Pisiform |
| ABductor Digiti Minimi: Insertion | Base of 5th Prox Phalanx, ulnar side |
| ABductor Digiti Minimi: Action | ABduction of 5th Prox Phalanx at MP joint |
| ABductor Digiti Minimi: Nerve | Ulnar Nerve |
| Dorsal Interossei: Origin | 2 heads arising from adjacent dorsal surfaces of MCs |
| Dorsal Interossei: Insertion | Base of 2d, 3d, 4th Prox Phalanges to Extensor Expansion |
| Dorsal Interossei: Action | ABduction of 2d, 3d, 4th fingers away from midline of 3d Ray; Flexion at MP joints, Extension at IP joints |
| Dorsal Interossei: Nerve | Ulnar Nerve |
| Palmar Interossei: Origin | Shaft of 2nd, 4th, 5th MCs, palmar surface |
| Palmar Interossei: Insertion | Base of 2d, 4th, 5th Prox Phalanes to extensor expansion |
| Palmar Interossei: Action | ADduction of 2nd, 4th, 5th fingers at MP joint; Flexion of MPs, Extension of IPs |
| Palmar Interossei: Nerve | Ulnar Nerve |
| Lumbricals (hand): Origin | Flexor Digitorum Profundus tendons |
| Lumbricals (hand): Insertion | Extensor expansion of 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th fingers at prox phalax-Radial side |
| Lumbricals (hand): Action | Flexion of MPs, extension of IPs |
| Lumbricals (hand): Nerve | Radial 2 fingers-Median Nerve; Ulnar 2 fingers- Ulnar Nerve |
| 6 Deep rotators of the hip: | Piriformi, Gemelius Superior, Obdurator Internus, Gemelius Inferior, Obdurator Externus: Quadratus Femoris |
| 6 Deep rotators of the hip: Origin | Anterior sacrum, Ischium, Obdurator foramen |
| 6 Deep rotators of the hip: Insertion | Greater trochanter of Femur |
| 6 Deep rotators of the hip: Action | Lateral rotaion of Femur at hip |
| 6 Deep rotators of the hip: Nerve | branches from Sacral Plexus; Obdurator Externus-Obdurator Nerve |
| Three *deep* posterior calf muscles (Tom, Dick, Harry) plantar flexors? | Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucus Longus |
| 3 Anterior leg muscles (Tom, Dick, Harry) dorsi flexors? | Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus |
| Iliopsoas: Origin | Psoas Major - lumbar vertibrae T12-L5; Iliacus - Inner surface of ilium (iliac fossa) |
| Iliopsoas: Insertion | Lesser trochanger of femur |
| Iliopsoas: Action | Flexion of femur at hip; if thigh is fixed, flexion of trunk at hip |
| Iliopsoas: Nerve | Posoas major - L2, 3 directly; Iliacus - femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4) |
| Strongest hip flexor? | Iliopsoas |
| This muscle braces knee in gait? | Tensor Fasciae Latae |
| Plantaris: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of femur |
| Plantaris: Insertion | Calcaneus via Achilles tendon |
| Plantaris: Action | Assists plantarflexion of ankle; assists flexion of knee |
| Plantaris: Nerve | Tibial nerve (L4, 5, S1) |
| Popliteus: Origin | Lateral epicondyle of femur |
| Popliteus: Insertion | Posterior proximal tibial shaft |
| Popliteus: Action | Initiates knee flexion by medial rotation of tibia to "unlock" the extended knee |
| Popliteus: Nerve | Tibial nerve (L5, S1) |
| Key that unlocks the knee? | Popliteus |
| Tibialis Posterior: Origin | Posterior tibia, posterior fibula, interosseus membrane |
| Tibialis Posterior: Insertion | Navicular and adjacent tarsals and metatarsals on plantar surface |
| Tibialis Posterior: Action | Inversion of foot; assists plantarflexion of ankle |
| Tibialis Posterior: Nerve | Tibial nerve (L5, S1) |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus: Origin | Posterior tibia |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus: Insertion | Distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes on plantar surface |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus: Action | Flexion of 4 lateral toes at DIP joints |
| Flexor Digitorum Longus: Nerve | Tibial nerve (L5, S1) |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus: Origin | Posterior tibia |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus: Insertion | Distal phalanx of hallox (plantar surface) |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus: Action | Flexion of hallox at IP joint; assists plantarflexion of ankle |
| Flexor Hallucis Longus: Nerve | Tibial nerve (L5, S1, 2) |
| Tibialis Anterior: Origin | Lateral condyle and lateral shaft of tibia, interosseus membrane |
| Tibialis Anterior: Insertion | Base of 1st metatarsal, planar surface; first (medial) cuneiform, plantar surface |
| Tibialis Anterior: Action | Dorsiflexion of ankle, Inversion of foot |
| Tibialis Anterior: Nerve | Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1) |
| Paralysis of this muscle causes foot drop? | Tibialis Anterior |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus: Origin | Anterior sharft of fibula, interosseus membrane |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus: Insertion | Base of distal phalanx of hallox |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus: Action | Extension of hallox at IP joint; assists dorsiflexion of ankle |
| Extensor Hallucis Longus: Nerve | Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1) |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus: Origin | Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal 2/3 of antior shaft of fibula |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus: Insertion | Middle and distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus: Action | Extension of 4 lateral toes at MP joints; assists dorsiflexion of ankle |
| Extensor Digitorum Longus: Nerve | Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1) |
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Origin | Anterior calcaneus |
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Insertion | Extensor expansion of 4 medial toes |
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Action | Assists extension of 4 medial toes at MP joints |
| Extensor Digitorum Brevis: Nerve | Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1) |
| Portion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis to great toe? | Extensor Hallucis Brevis |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus: Origin | Head and lateral shaft of fibula (upper 2/3) |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus: Insertion | Base of firs metatarsal; first (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface) |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus: Action | Eversion of foot; assists plantarflexion of ankle |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus: Nerve | Supericial peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1) |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis: Origin | Lateral shaft of fibula (lower 2/3) |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis: Insertion | Base of 5th metatarsal |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis: Action | Eversion of foot; assists plantarflexion of ankle |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis: Nerve | Superficial peroneal nerve (L4, 5 S1) |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius: Origin | Anterior distal fibula (with extensor digitorum longus) |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius: Insertion | Base of 5th metatarsal |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius: Action | Eversion of foot; assists dorsiflexion of ankle |
| Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius: Nerve | Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5, S1) |
| Muscles of foot layer 1? | ABductor hallucis, Flexor digitorum brevis, ABductor digiti minimi |
| ABductor Hallucis: Origin | Calcaneus |
| ABductor Hallucis: Insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of hallox |
| ABductor Hallucis: Action | Flexion, ABduction of hallox at MP joint |
| ABductor Hallucis: Nerve | Medial plantar nerve (L4, 5) |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis: Origin | Calcaneus |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis: Insertion | Middle phalanges of 4 lateral toes |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis: Action | Flexion of 4 lateral toes at PIP joints |
| Flexor Digitorum Brevis: Nerve | Medial plantar nerve (L4, 5) |
| ABductor Digiti Minimi: Origin | Calcaneus |
| ABductor Digiti Minimi: Insertion | Base of proximal phalanxe of little toe |
| ABductor Digiti Minimi: Action | Flexion, ABduction of little toe at MP joint |
| ABductor Digiti Minimi: Nerve | Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2) |
| Muscles of foot, Layer 2? | Lumbricals, Quadatus Plantae |
| Lumbricals (foot): Origin | Tendons of flexor digitorum longus |
| Lumbricals (foot): Insertion | Extensor expansion of 4 lateral toes |
| Lumbricals (foot): Action | Flexion of MP, extension of IP joints of 4 lateral toes |
| Lumbricals (foot): Nerve | 1st: Medial plantar nerve (L4, 5); 2nd, 3rd, 4th: Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2) |
| Muscles of foot - Layer 3? | Flexor hallucis brevis, ADductor hallucis, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis: Origin | Base of metatarsal of hallox |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis: Insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of hallox (sesamoids) |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis: Action | Flexion of hallox at MP joint |
| Flexor Hallucis Brevis: Nerve | Medial plantar nerve (L4, 5, S1) |
| ADductor Hallucis: Origin | Oblique: Base of 2nd, 3rd metatarsals; Transvers: 3rd, 4th, 5th MP joint capsule |
| ADductor Hallucis: Insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of hallox (sesamoids) |
| ADductor Hallucis: Action | ADduction and flexion of hallox at MP joint |
| ADductor Hallucis: Nerve | Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2) |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Origin | Cuboid and base of 5th metatarsal |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of little toe |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Action | Flexion of little toe at MP joint |
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: Nerve | Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2) |
| Muscles of foot - Layer 4? | (4) Dorsal and (3) plantar interosseis |
| Dorsal Interossei (foot): Origin | Adjacent metatarsals |
| Dorsal Interossei (foot): Insertion | Extensor expansion of 2nd, 3rd, 4th toes |
| Dorsal Interossei (foot): Acton | ABducion relative to 2nd ray; Flexion at MP, extion at IP joints of toes 2, 3, 4 |
| Dorsal Interossei (foot): Nerve | Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2) |
| Plantar Interossei: Origin | Medial side of 3rd, 4th, 5th metatarsals |
| Plantar Interossei: Insertion | Extensor expansion to 3 lateral toes |
| Plantar Interossei: Action | ADduction relative to 2nd ray; Flexion at MP, extension at IP joints of 3 lateral toes |
| Plantar Interossei: Nerve | Lateral plantar nerve (S1, 2) |
| Elevators of Scapula? | Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapula |
| Depressors of Scapula? | Pectoralis minor, Lower Trapezius |
| Protractors of Scapula? | Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior |
| Retractors of Scapula? | Middle Trapezius, Rhomboids |
| Upward Rotators of Scapula? | Upper Trapezius, Lower Trapezius, Serratus Anterior |
| Downward Rotators of Scapula? | Levator Scapula, Rhomboids, Pectoralis Minor |
| Medial Rotators of Humerus? | Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major, Subscapularis, Teres Major, Latissimus Dorsi |
| Lateral Rotators of Humerus? | Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Posterior Deltoid |
| Flexors of Humerus? | Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major (clavicuar head), Coricobrachialis, Biceps Brachii (short head) |
| Extensors of Humerus? | Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Posterior Deltoid, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Triceps Brachii (long head), Pectoralis Major (sternal head) |
| ABductors of Humerus? | Supraspinatus, Middle Deltoid |
| ADductors of Humerus? | Pectoralis Major, Coracobrachialis, Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Supscapularis |
| Horizontal ABductors of Humerus? | Posterior Deltoid |
| Horizontal ADductors of Humerus? | Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major (both heads) |
| Flexors of the Elbow? | Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, *Pronator Teres* |
| Extensors of the Elbow? | Triceps Brachii, *Anconeus* |
| Supinators of Forearm? | Biceps Brachii, Supinator |
| Pronators of Forearm? | Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus |
| Flexors of wrist? | Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, *Palmaris Longus* |
| Extensors of wrist? | Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris |
| ADductors of wrist? | Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris |
| ABductors of wrist? | Flexor Carpi Radialis, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus |
| Axillary Nerve Roots? | C5, 6 |
| Axillary Nerve muscles? | Deltoid, Teres Minor |
| Musculocutaneous Nerve roots? | C5, 6, 7 |
| Musculocutaneous Nerve muscles? | Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii, Brachialis |
| Radial Nerve roots? | C5, 6, 7, 8 (T1) |
| Radial Nerve muscles? | Triceps (Long, Lat, Med heads), Brachioradialis, Ext Carpi Radialis Longus, Anconeus, Ext Carpi Radialis Brv, Supinator, Ext Digitorum, Ext Digiti Minimi, Ext Carpi Ulnaris, ABductor Pollicis Longus, Ext Pollicis Brv, Ext Pollicis Longus, Ext Indicis |
| Median Nerve roots? | (C5) , 6, 7, 8, T1 |
| Median Nerve muscles? | Pronator teres, Flex Carpi Radialis, Palmaris longus, Flex digitorum supf, Flex digitorum prof, Flex pollicis longus, Pronator quadratus, ABductor pollicis brev, Opponens pollicis, Flex pollicis brev (supf hd), 1st, 2nd lumbricals |
| Ulnar Nerve roots? | C8, T1 |
| Ulnar Nerve muscles? | Flex Carpi Ulnaris, Flex Digitorum Prof (med 2), ADductor Pollicis, Flexor Pollicis Brev (deep hd), Palmar Interossei, ABductor Digiti Minimi, Opponens Digiti Minimi, Flex Digiti Minimi, Dorsal Interossei, 3rd & 4th Lumbricals |
| Lateral Rotators of Hip? | Piriformis, Gemellus Sup., Obturator Int., Gemellus Inf., Obturator Ext., Quadratus Femoris, Gluteus Max., Sartorius |
| Medial Rotators of Hip? | Gluteus Med., Gluteus Min., Tensor Fasciae Latae, Adductor Magnus (ant. hd.) |
| Extensors of Hip? | Gluteus Max., Biceps Femoris (long hd.), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosis, Adductor Magnus (post. hd.) |
| Flexors of Hip? | Psoas Maj & Iliacus, Pectineus, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Adductor Brevis, Addustor Longus, Adductor Magnus (ant. hd.), Rectus Femoris, Sartorius |
| ABductors of Hip? | Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Sartorius |
| ADductors of Hip? | Adductor brevis, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus, Gracilis, Pectineus |
| Lateral rotators of Knee? | Biceps Femoris |
| Medial Rotators of Knee? | Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Popliteus, Gracilis, Sartorius |
| Extensors of Knee? | Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialis, Rectus Femoris, Tensor Fascia Latae |
| Flexors of Knee? | Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembransosus, Sartorius, Gracilis, Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, Popliteus |
| Dorsiflexors of Ankle? | Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Peroneus (fibularis) Tertius |
| Plantarflexors of Ankle? | Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Perroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Halluci Longus |
| Invertors of Foot? | Tibialis Anterior, Tibialis Posterior |
| Evertors of Foot? | Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, Peroneus Tertius |
| Obturator Nerve roots? | L2, 3, 4 |
| Obturator Nerve muscles? | Obturator externus, Adductor brevis, Adductor magnus (ant. hd.), Adductor longus, Gracilis |
| Femoral Nerve roots? | L2, 3, 4 |
| Femoral Nerve muscles? | Psoas, Iliacus, Pectineus, Sartorius, Rectus Femoris, Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus Intermedius |
| Sciatic Nerve roots? | L4, 5, S1, 2, 3 |
| Sciatic Nerve/Tibial Div muscles? | Biceps femoris (long hd.), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Adductor Magnus (post. hd.) |
| Sciatic Nerve/Peroneal Div. muscles? | Biceps femoris (short hd.) |
| Superfical Peroneal Nerve muscles? | Peroneus longus, Peronus brevis |
| Deep Peroneal Nerve muscles? | Tibialis Ant., Extensor Digitorum Longus, Ext. Hallucsi Longus, Peroneus Tertius, Ext. Hallucis Brev, Ext. Digitorum Brev |
| Tibial Nerve roots? | L4, 5, S1, 2, 3 |
| Tibial Nerve muscles? | Plantaris, Popliteus, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Flex Digitorum Longus, Flex Hallucis Longus, Tibialis Posterior |
| Tibial-->Medial Plantar Nerve muscles? | Flexor Digitorum Brevis, ABductor Hallucis, Flex Hallucis Brevis, 1st Lumbrical |
| Tibial-->Lateral Plantar Nerve muscles? | ADductor hallucis, Quadratus plantae, ABductor Digiti Minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis, Plantar Interossei, Dorsal Interossei, Lumbricals (lateral 3) |
| Erector Spinae muscles? | Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis |
| Transversospinalis muscles? | Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores, Interspinales, Intertransversarii |
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