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Stack #1245377
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Elaborative Encoding | Personal experiences, actively relating new info that is already in memory. |
| Visual Imagery Encoding | Storing Info by converting it into mental pictures. |
| Organizational Encoding | servers and orders from memory, categorizing info according to the relationships among a series of items. |
| Chunking | Taking info and separating it into chunks. |
| hippocampus | memories different aspects stored in different places, signs sounds and emotions. |
| Consolidation | process by which memories become stable in the brain. |
| Retrieval | State dependent learning, easier to remember something when your in the same state. |
| Role of the amygdala | tells the hippocampus to do its job, processes emotionally. |
| How did Binet calculate the Ratio IQ? | Takes child mental age divided by real age x100 |
| What is the basis of the Deviation IQ we use today | Compared to the other people in your age group. |
| Logic of IQ test? | Put together a test that makes sense conceptually and predicts intelligence. |
| Consequences of IQ tests. | Better grades, better jobs, health and longevity. |
| Data based approach | memory and learning, visual perception, auditory perception, retrieval abilities, cognitive speediness, processing speed, crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence |
| Fluid Intelligence | ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences |
| Crystallized intelligence | : the ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience |
| Robert Sternberg | Intelligence tests always have right answers, and so they only measure “analytic intelligence ,practical intelligence”, creative intelligence” |
| Howard Gardner | Howard Gardner studied orginary people, people with brain damage, prodigies (people of normal intelligence with extraordinary abilities), and savants (low intelligence with extraordinary abilities) |
| How many words should children be learning per day? | 6 to 7 |
| Babies and distinguishing speech sounds | ability lost around 6 months |
| Babies and babbling | all go through the same sequence. D and T before M and N |
| Language milestones | 10 to 12 Months utter first words 50 words typical around 18 months, can understand many times more 10,000 by start of school 40,000 by fifth grade 200,000 by college Children learn by “fast mapping” – after single exposure |
| Theories of language development. | Behaviorist: Babies reinforced when they say real words or use language correctly Nativist: Human brain wired to learn language “innate biological capacity” Interactionist- Innate + teaching |
| Prenatally | race to fertilize the egg |
| Prenatal stages | germinal stage, Embryonic stage, fetus stage, |
| Piagets 4 stages | Sensorimotor (Birth-2 years): Developing schemas, moving around and acting intentionally, object permanence Preoperational (2-6 years): Does not understand conservation, begins thinking egocentrically, develops theory of mind Concrete Operational: (6-11 |
| Conservation | the cups full of liquid study. |
| Preoperational vs. Concrete Operational | Concrete operational children understand that appearance is not the same as reality |
| Basic Skills for Learning from Others | Joint attention, Social referencing, imitation |
| Piagets Moral development | Shift from realism to relativism, from prescriptions to principles, from outcomes to intentions. |
| Kohlbergs moral development | Pre conventional stage, conventional stage, Postconventional |
| US, CS, UR ,CR | Unconditioned Stimulus- food causes a natural reaction. Unconditioned response- salivating Conditioned Stimulus- Stimulus that is neutral that becomes at cue. Conditioned response- salivating that is caused by CS Conditioned stimulus- |
| Little Albert | Classical conditioning |
| Reinforcer | Stimulus increase behavior |
| Punisher | Stimulus decreases behavior |
| Operant conditioning | Consequences of behavior determine whether it will be repeated |
| Superstition | Piegons getting fed every 15 min had odd behavior |
| 4 types of reinforcement schedules | Interval (time) vs Ratio (Responses) Fixed (certain amount) Vs Variable (avg amount) |
| Implicit learning | occurs independent of awareness. |
| Transcience | forgetting what occurs with the passage of time |
| Absentmindedness | Yo-Yo Mas Cello |
| Blocking | Tip of the tongue |
| Retroactive interference | later memory updates impair recollection of earlier memories |
| Proactive interference | earlier learning information stored later |
| Prospective memory | forgetting to do something you planned |
| Divided attention | Cell phones and driving. |
| Episodic | Past personal experiences |
| Semantic | Facts and knowledge that bring up general knowledge |
| Procedural Knowledge | Knowledge How, hippocampus patients learn this. |
Created by:
MarcDib
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