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Absolutism!
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Absolute monarch | kings or queens who held all of the power within their states’ boundaries. |
Divine right | idea that God created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on earth. |
Huguenots | French protestants. |
Intendents | Government agents used by Louis XIV who collected taxes and administered justice. |
Edict of Nantes | Declaration made by Henry of Navarre of France allowing Huguenots freedom to worship in France. |
Scientific Revolution | a major change in European thought, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. |
Geocentric theory | Theory that the earth is the center of the universe. |
Heliocentric Theory | Idea that the sun is at the center of the solar system. |
Scientific method | logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. |
Enlightenment | intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems. |
Philosophe | social critics or philosophers from France. |
Social contract | Idea from Thomas Hobbes that suggested all humans are naturally selfish and wicked and must had over their rights to a strong ruler to create/run their government. |
Estate | social classes of France. 1st Estate: Church leaders. 2nd estate: rich nobles. 3rd estate: 97% of the people. |
Tennis Court Oath | a pledge made by the members of France’s National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution. |
National Assembly | a French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people. |
Estates-General | Gathering of all three estates of France called by the king. |
Great Fear | a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789. |
Bastille | French prison torn down in the early days of the French Revolution. |
Jacobins | radical political party during the French Revolution |
Guillotine | a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution. |
Reign of Terror | period from 1793-1794 when Maximilien Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed. |
Napoleonic Code | a comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon. |
Battle of Trafalgar | an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by a British fleet under command of Horatio Nelson. |
Continental System | Napoleon’s policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe intended to destroy Great Britain’s economy. |
Peninsular War | a conflict in which Spanish rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleon’s French troops out of Spain. |
Scorched-earth policy | the practice of burring crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land. |