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Unit 9-Middle Ages
The Middle Ages in Europe
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Jerusalem | Holy city for Jews, Christians and Muslims. A European goal in the Crusades was to capture this city |
Crusades | fought by Europe to regain control of Jerusalem. Called history's most successful failure b/c they didn't do this, but there were some positive results |
Catholic Church | the most powerful and unifying force in Europe during the Early Middle Ages |
feudalism | land exchanged for loyalty, services and protection |
manor | a lord's estate that would include serf's homes, lord's house, church, blacksmith's etc. |
chivalry | code of honor for European knights |
self-sufficient | being able to provide or supply all basic needs without outside assistance. Example: a medieval manor |
Magna Carta | English lords forced King John to sign this document which limited the power of the monarch |
Roman Empire | The Middle Ages began after Europe fell into a period of chaos and disorder following the fall of this empire |
decentralized | power is spread out and not concentrated in one place. Example: feudalism in Europe during the Middle Ages |
Results of the Crusades | increased contact between Europe and the Middle East, the Renaissance, the breakdown of feudalism |
Black Death/Bubonic Plague | killed more than 1/3 of Europe's population, was spread along trade routes by fleas on rats (and person to person). Results: decline in feudalism and decrease in power of the Catholic Church |
Three-field system | agricultural system that results in increased population in the Middle Ages. Plant 2/3 of fields and allow 1/3 to be unplanted (lie fallow) during growing season |
Reasons for the decline of feudalism | Crusades, growth of towns, growth of the middle class, banking/money system, Black Death |