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Haircutting
Cosmetology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Angle | space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point |
| apex | highest point on the top of the head |
| beveling | haircutting technique using diagonal lines by cutting hair ends with a slight increase or decrease in length |
| blunt haircut | haircut in which all the hair comes to one hanging level, forming a weight line or area; hair is cut with no elevation or over direction, also referred to as a one length, zero elevation, or no elevation cut. |
| carving | Haircutting technique done by placing the still blade into the hair and resting it on the scalp, and then moving the shears through the hair while opening and partially closing the shears |
| cast | Method of manufacturing shears; a metal-forming process whereby molten steel is poured into a mold and, once the metal is cooled, takes on the shape of the mold. |
| clipper-over-comb | haircutiing technique similar to scissor over comb, except that the clippers move side to side across the comb rather than bottom to top. |
| cross-checking | parting the haircut in the opposite way from which you cut it, to check for precision of line and shape |
| crown | area of the head between the apex and back of the parietal ridge |
| cutting line | angle at which the fingers are held when cutting, and ultimately, the line that is cut; also known as the finger angle, finger position, cutting position, or cutting angle |
| distribution | where and how hair is moved over the head |
| elevation | also known as projection or lifting; angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held, or lifted from the head when cutting |
| forged | process of working metal to a finished shape by hammering or pressing |
| four corner | points on the head that signal a change in the shape of the head, from flat to round or vice versa |
| free-hand notching | haircutting technique in which pieces of hair are snipped out at random intervals |
| free-hand slicing | haircutting technique used to release weight from the subsection, allowing the hair to move more freely |
| graduated haircut | graduated shape of wedge; an effect or haircut that results from cutting the hai with tension, low to medium elevation or over direction. |
| graduation | elevation occurs when a section is lifted above 0 degrees |
| growth pattern | Direction in which the hair grows from the scalp; also referred to as natural fall or natural falling position. |
| guideline | section of hair, located either at the perimeter or the interior of the cut, that determines the length the hair will be cut. usually the first section that is cut to create a shape |
| hairline | Hair that grows at the outermost perimeter along the face, around the ears, and on the neck. |
| head form | Also known as head shape; shape of the head, which greatly affects the way the hair falls and behaves. |
| interior | inner or internal part |
| interior guideline | guideline that is inside the haircut rather than on the perimeter |
| layered haircut | graduated effect achieved by cutting the hair with elevation or over-direction; the hair is cut at higher elevations, usually 90 degrees or above, which removes weight |
| layers | create movement and volume in the hair by releasing weight |
| line | thin continuous mark used as a guide; can be straight or curved, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal |
| long-layered haircut | Haircut in which the hair is cut at a 180-degree angle; the resulting shape has shorter layers at the top and increasingly longer layers toward the perimeter. |
| nape | back part of the neck; the hair below the occipital bone. |
| notching | Haircutting technique, a version of point cutting, in which the tips of the scissors are moved toward the hair ends rather than into them; creates a chunkier effect. |
| occipital bone | Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull |
| overdirection | Combing a section away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, toward a guideline; used to create increasing lengths in the interior or perimeter. |
| palm-to-palm | cutting position in which the palms of both hands are facing each other. |
| parietal ridge | widest area of the head, usually starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown. |
| part/parting | line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section of hair from another, creating subsections |
| perimeter | outer line of a hairstyle |
| point cutting | haircutting technique in which the tips of the shears are used to cut "points" into the ends of the hair. |
| razor-over-comb | texturizing technique in which the comb and the razor are used on the surface of the hair |
| razor rotation | Texturizing technique similar to razor-over-comb, done with small circular motions. |
| reference points | points of the head that mark where the surface of the head changes or the behavior of the hair changes such as ears, jawline, occipital bone apex used to establish design lines that are proportionate |
| scissor over comb | also known as shear-over-comb; haircutting technique in which the hair is held in place with the comb while the tips of the scissors are used to remove the lengths |
| sections | to divide the hair by parting into unifrom working areas for control |
| shrinkage | when hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying |
| slicing | technique that removes bulk and adds movement through the lengths of the hair; the shears are not completely closed and only the portion of the blades near the pivot is used |
| slide cutting | method of cutting or thinning the hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length |
| slithering | process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears; cutting the hair with a sliding movement of the shears while keepin the blades partially opened; also called effilating. |
| stationary guideline | guideline that does not move |
| subsections | smaller sections withing a larger section of hair, used to maintain control of the hair while cutting |
| taper | Haircutting effect in which there is an even blend from very short at the hairline to longer lengths as you move up the head; to taper is to narrow progressively at one end. |
| tension | amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a section, created by stretching or pulling the section |
| texturizing | Haircutting technique designed to remove excess bulk w/out shortening the length; changing the appearance or behavior of the hair through specific haircutting techniques using shears, thinning shears, or a razor. |
| traveling guideline | Also known as movable guideline; guideline that moves as the haircutting progresses, used often when creating layers or graduation |
| uniform layers | hair is elevated to 90 degrees from the scalp and cut at the same length. |
| weight line | Visual line in the haircut where the ends of the hair hang together |
Created by:
samkohlenberg
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