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APUSH Unit 8.
Chapters 32-35
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or false: Presidents during the 20s were very pro-business. | True |
| With profits skyrocketing for businesses during the 20s, what happened to workers' pay? | It went up, but not much. |
| Law that said WWI veterans would be given a $1000 bonus in 1934 | Bonus Bill |
| The anti-military/peace movement that went throughout the world caused what two events? | Disarmament Conference in Washington, D.C.; Kellogg-Briand Pact |
| Treaty signed by 62 nations that outlawed war | Kellogg-Briand Pact |
| High tariff that effectively cut off foreign trade | Holly-Smoot Tariff |
| Leader of Veterans' Bureau who stole money from the organization | Forbes |
| Scandal where Secretary of the Interior accepted bribes to give companies oil rights | Teapot Dome Scandal |
| Secretary of the Interior involved in Teapot Dome Scandal | Albert Fall |
| Why didn't farmers prosper during the 20s? | Demand went down after WWI, and so did prices. Farmers grew more crops, further driving down prices. |
| Plan for America to loan money to Germany so they could pay back Britain/France so they could pay back the US | Dawes Plan |
| Hoover's idea that no matter how humble your past, if you work hard enough you can make something of yourself | Rugged Individualism |
| What were the five major causes of the Great Depression? | Hyperinflation, overspeculation on stocks, overproduction in agriculture, purchasing on credit, no government regulation of stock market/banks |
| Why did Andrew Melon (Secretary of the Treasury) see the Depression as a good thing? | Thought it would weed out businesses who couldn't keep up |
| Government organization that gave money to businesses and banks in the hope that it would have a trickle down effect | Reconstruction Finance Corporation |
| Group of veterans who marched in Washington, D.C. to get their bonus checks during the Depression | Bonus Army |
| What did McArthur do in response to the Bonus Army? | Tear gas, beatings, etc. |
| In the election of 1932 (Hoover vs. FDR) there was a huge shift of ___________ voters from voting for _________ to voting for ________. | African Americans; Republicans; Democrats |
| What were the 3 Rs that FDR focused on? | Relief, recovery, reform |
| What was the intent of FDR's Relief (3 Rs)? | Help people who are starving/homeless |
| What was the intent of FDR's Recovery (3 Rs)? | Help people get jobs back |
| What was the intent of FDR's Reform (3 Rs)? | Pass legislation to make sure the Depression never happens again |
| Act that created the "bank holiday" and regulated bank operations | Emergency Relief Act |
| Act that created the FDIC for banks | Glass Steagall Act |
| FDR's use of radio to convince people that banks were safe | Fireside chats |
| Government organization that hired young men to work on national parks | Civilian Conservation Cor. |
| What was a major difference between Hoover and FDR? | Hoover didn't want to give money directly to the people, but FDR did. |
| Government organization that gave money directly to the people | Federal Relief Administration |
| Senator from Louisiana who created the "Share the Wealth" program | Hughie Long |
| Program that taxed the rich and gave the money to the poor during the Depression | "Share the Wealth" program |
| Government organization that created jobs building roads, bridges, schools, etc. | Works Progress Administration |
| What was the problem with the WPA, CCC, etc.? | The jobs weren't self-sustaining. Once the job was done, the job was done. |
| First woman to work in President's cabinet | Francis Perkins |
| Organization that came up with standards for businesses to follow and gave blue eagles to businesses who lived up to these standards | National Recovery Administration |
| What happened to the National Recovery Administration? | Declared unconstitutional |
| Amendment repealing prohibition | 21st Amendment |
| At the height of the Depression, the unemployment rate was ____% | 25 |
| What program was designed to fix overproduction in industry? | National Recovery Administration |
| What law was designed to fix overproduction in agriculture? | Agricultural Adjustment Act |
| Law that paid farmers not to farm during the Depression | Agricultural Adjustment Act |
| Why was the Agricultural Adjustment Act ruled unconstitutional? | People were starving to death and the government was paying farmers NOT to farm. |
| A huge drought in 1933 led to the creation of the _________ in the Midwest. | Dust Bowl |
| Organization created during the New Deal to regulate the stock market | Securities and Exchange Commission |
| Organization created during the New Deal that created jobs building roads buildings, etc. and also gave electricity to people in isolated areas | Tennessee Valley Authority |
| True or false: The Tennessee Valley Authority was one of FDR's most successful programs. | True |
| What was FDR's most impactful program? | Social Security Act |
| Program that both cared for the old and sick and opened up jobs for younger, healthier people | Social Security Act |
| Why did the Supreme Court rule a lot of FDR's programs unconstitutional? | It was filled with Republicans and he was super liberal. |
| How did FDR try to expand his power and get around all the conservatives in the Supreme Court? | Court-Packing Plan |
| FDR's plan that said Supreme Court Justices had to retire within 6 months of turning a certain age and if they didn't he could appoint a new Justice | Court-Packing Plan |
| What was the result of FDR's Court-Packing Plan? | It didn't pass, but the Supreme Court didn't rule any more of his programs unconstitutional. |
| What two groups of people really hated FDR? | Wealthy and business owners |
| Attempt by industrialized countries to fix the Depression that the US took no part in | London Conference |
| Act passed in 1934 that said the Philippines would be given independence in 1946 | Tydings-McDuffie Act |
| Why were people upset when FDR formally recognized the Soviet Union as a country? | It was formally recognizing communism. |
| Attempt to improve relations with South American countries | Good Neighbor Policy |
| A type of aggressive nationalism that spread throughout the world in the 30s | Fascism |
| Treaty between Germany and Italy that made them become allies | Rome-Berlin Axis |
| Treaty that allied Japan with Germany and Italy after they quit the League of Nations | Tripartite Pact |
| What country did Italy take over because their army was such a joke it was all they could get? | Ethiopia |
| Series of acts that legislated our neutrality at the beginning of WWII | Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 |
| What were the four main parts of the Neutrality Acts? | Americans can't sail on any foreign ships; we can't sell weapons to any country at war; we can't loan money to any country at war; if a country wants non-military goods, it has to be on a cash and carry basis |
| Policy that said countries must come to America on their ships, pay for goods in cash, and take the goods back themselves in order to keep ourselves neutral | Cash and carry |
| Who led the Spanish Civil War? | Francisco Franco |
| What event prompted FDR's Quarantine Speech telling people not to support Germany, Italy, and Japan? | Japan invades China |
| What was Hitler's first act that disregarded the Treaty of Versailles? | Building up Germany's army and invading the Rhineland |
| Hitler's book laying out his plan for the Jews | Mein Kampf |
| What country did Germany annex that Britain and France allowed him to have in order to appease him? | Austria |
| What area did Hitler march troops into that led to a meeting between him and Neville Chamberlain (Prime Minister of Britain)? | Sudatenland |
| What was the compromise between Chamberlain and Hitler after he took the Sudatenland? What actually happened? | He could have it if he wouldn't take anything else. He then took all of Czechoslovakia. |
| What event officially started WWII? | Hitler took Poland. |
| Treaty signed between Hitler and Stalin that was shocking because Germany was fascist and Soviet Union was communist | Non-Agression Pact |
| What event first started to change Americans' attitudes toward being involved in WWII? | Hitler took France. |
| What were Hitler's 3 big mistakes in WWII? | Pushing the Allies back but not destroying them; invading the Soviet Union; declaring war on the US |
| Why was it a mistake for Hitler to push the Allies back to Dunkirk but not destroy them? | Britain evacuated the troops via the English Channel. |
| What was unique about FDR building up the army before WWII? | It was the first peacetime draft in history. |
| Germany's bombing battle on Britain fought completely in the air | Battle of Britain |
| What was the effect of Churchill's defiance during the Battle of Britain, saying he would never stop fighting? | Hitler called off the invasion of Britain. |
| What two things do we do that create a loophole in the Neutrality Acts? | We give Britain destroyers in exchange for military bases and pass the Lend-Lease Act. We never SELL any supplies to a country at war. |
| Act that allows the US to lend or lease military supplies to ensure the Allies don't lose | Lend-Lease Act |
| FDR and Churchill's plan for the world after WWII | Atlantic Charter |
| What were the three main parts of the Atlantic Charter? | Get away from imperialism; disarmament; new peacekeeping organization to replace League of Nations |
| What was the new peacekeeping organization to replace the League of Nations? | United Nations |
| What did we do to Japan to make them get out of China? What was the effect of this? | We put an embargo on them; they bombed us at Pearl Harbor. |
| What was the effect of Pearl Harbor on Japanese Americans? | They were put in internment camps because we were afraid the Japanese would use them as spies. |
| Supreme Court case that ruled Japanese internment camps constitutional | Korumatsu v. US |
| How was the mission of WWII different from the mission of WWI? | WWI was very idealistic (keep the world safe for democracy) while the purpose of WWII was just to kill the bad guys. |
| What finally got the US out of the Depression? | Transformation of economy from wartime to peacetime |
| Who filled the jobs of men in the army during WWII? | Women and African Americans |
| Who filled the jobs of farmers during WWII? | Mexicans |
| Program that gave Mexicans farming jobs during WWII | Bracero Program |
| Figure that encouraged women that they could do anything men could do | Rosie the Riviter |
| True or false: After the war, most women kept their jobs outside the home. | False. They went back to becoming homemakers. |
| African American campaign during WWII that was first victory over racism in Europe, then racism at home | Double V Campaign |
| Indians that passed on secret messages between units in Navajo | Navajo Code Talkers |
| March that Japanese troops forced American troops to go on after their surrender in the Philippines | Batan Death March |
| Battle that turned the tide of WWII against Japan and let us start winning | Battle of Midway |
| Our strategy of taking one island in the Pacific, then moving onto another to get closer and closer to the Japanese mainland | Island hopping |
| Battle that allowed the Allies to start winning against German U-boats | Battle of the Atlantic |
| What battle caused Germany to start fighting defensively? | Stalingrad |
| Why did FDR want to invade France? | He was afraid the USSR would make a treaty with Germany and the Allies would have to fight alone |
| German general in Africa | Irwin Rommel |
| Battle that allows the Allies to start winning in Africa | Battle of El Almein |
| What country was the "soft underbelly" the Allies invaded to get closer to France? | Italy |
| Who planned the invasion of Normandy? | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Hitler's last stand won by the Allies that made him commit suicide | Battle of the Bulge |
| Island the Allies took allowing them to bomb Japan | Iwo Jima |
| Conference between Truman, Churchill, and Stalin during which Truman was informed the atomic bomb was ready | Potstand Conference |
| What Japanese city did we bomb first? | Hiroshima |
| What are the five main reasons we decide to drop the bomb on Japan? | We want unconditional surrender fast, with as few deaths as possible, shows USSR we're powerful (tensions are high), when you're dealing with a beast you treat it like a beast, no good reason not to |
| How long do we wait before dropping the second bomb on Japan? | 3 days |
| What Japanese city did we bomb second? | Nagasaki |
| Why wouldn't the Japanese surrender after we dropped the first bomb? What did we do after they did surrender? | They didn't want to lose their emperor and if they surrendered he would be tried as a war criminal. We let them keep their emperor. |
Created by:
ejustice75
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