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water quality

water quality notes for regionals

TermDefinition
Edgewater habitats may have emergent plants, sheltered overhangs with suspended root mats and leaf packs in quiet back eddies. The composition of macro-invertebrates will tend to differ from that in riffles
Riffles are shallow rocky sections of streams with fast flowing turbulent water. The rocks provide a variety of living places and a large surface area onto which macro-invertebrates can attach.
acid A solution that is a proton (H+) donor and has a pH less than 7 on a scale of 0-14.
acidity a measure of how acid a solution is- the lower the pH, the greater this is
acid rain Precipitation having a ph lower than the natural range of ~5.2 - 5.6; caused by sulfur and nitrogen derived from anthropogenic emissions.
acidification The process by which acids are added to a water body, causing a decrease in its buffering capacity (also referred to as alkalinity or acid neutralizing capacity), and ultimately a significant decrease in pH that may lead to the water body becoming acidic
adhesion The molecular force of attraction between unlike bodies that that acts to hold them together.
algae Simple single-celled, colonial, or multi-celled aquatic plants. They are mostly microscopic plants that contain chlorophyll and grow by photosynthesis, and lack roots and stems.They absorb nutrients
alkalinity Acid neutralizing or buffering capacity of water; a measure of the ability of water to resist changes in pH caused by the addition of acids or bases and therefore, the main indicator of susceptibility.
anaerobic Technically this means "without air" but in limnology it is used synonymously with "anoxic."
angle of incidence Angle between direction of motion of waves and a line perpendicular to surface the waves are striking.
angle of reflection Angle between direction of motion of waves and a line perpendicular to surface the waves are reflected from.
anions Negatively charged ions.
anoxia Condition of being without dissolved oxygen (O2).
anoxic Completely lacking in oxygen.
anthropogenic Human caused.
aquatic respiration Refers to the use of oxygen in an aquatic system including the decomposition of organic matter and the use of oxygen by fish, algae, zooplankton, aquatic macrophytes, and microorganisms for metabolism.
atmospheric pressure Measure of the pressure of the earth's atmosphere per unit area. It is 760 mm Hg at sea level and decreases with increasing elevation.
attenuation Decrease
aufwuchs The community of algae and other microorganisms that attach to surfaces such as rocks, twigs, and aquatic plants; essentially the same as "periphyton" that means "attached algae."
base A substance which accepts protons (H+) and has a pH greater than 7 on a scale of 0-14; also referred to as an alkaline substance.
basin Geographic land area draining into a lake or river; also referred to as drainage basin or watershed.
benthic Refers to being on the bottom of a lake.
benthic zone Lake bottom sediment.
biocarbonate The anion HCO3-.
bioavailable Able to be assimilated (absorbed) by organisms.
biochemical oxygen demand Sometimes referred to as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). A measure of the amount of oxygen removed (respired) from aquatic environments by aerobic microorganisms either in the water column or in the sediments.
biomanipulation Reducing algal blooms by altering the fish community to reduce predation on certain zooplankton (cladocerans such as daphnia) that can most efficiently graze on algae.
biomass The weight of a living organism or assemblage of organisms.
biotic Referring to a live organism
buffer A substance which tends to keep pH levels fairly constant when acids or bases are added.
buffering capacity Ability of a solution to resist changes in ph when acids or bases are added mostly due to dissolved carbonate rocks in the basin; equivalent to acid neutralizing capacity (anc).
Created by: Xox142
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