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Logic 110 basic voca

Basic Vocab for Logic 110 A Concise Introduction to Logic (Hurley)

TermDefinition
Logic Organized body of knowledge that evaluates arguments
Argument A line of reasoning compsed of statements called premises offered in support of another statement, called the conclusion.
Premises statements that set forth reasons or evidence in an attempt to support a conclusion
Statement sentence that is either true or false
Conclusion Statement that evidence is claimed to support or imply ; statement that is claimed to follow premises
Conditional Statement An ïf... then..." statement; an assertion that if if the antecedent is true, then so is the consequent
Deductive Argument Aims to prove a conclusion with absolute certainty
Inductive Argument Aims to prove a conclusion beyond resonable doubt
Valid A deductive argument who's premises fit the conclusion; i.e. if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true
Invalid A deductive
Sound A deductive argument that is valid and has true premises
Unsound A deductive argument that is valid but has false premises
Strong An inductive argument who's premises fit the conclusion; i.e. if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true
Weak An inductive argument that is structurally unsound. The premises do not fit the conclusion.
Cogent An inductive argument that is strong and has true premises
Uncogent An inductive argument that is strong but does not have true premises
Syllogism Line of reasoning made up of 2 premises and a conclusion
Counterexample A method for proving invalidity; consists of constructing a substitution instance having true premises and false conclusion
Vertical Pattern The premise directly supports the conclusion; a conclusion of a logically prior argument becomes a premise of a subsequent argument
Horizontal Pattern Multiple premises lead to one conclusion; these premises do not rely or relate to each other
Conjoint the premises depend on one another in such a way that if one were omitted, the support that the others provide would be diminished or destroyed. Often use if/then statements
Multiple Conclusion One premise leading to multiple conclusions
Created by: rachael94
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