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Ch. 12 Vocabulary
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acidophiles | bacteria that grow in acidic environment-- |
| Aerobes | bacteria that grow in the presence of oxygen |
| Alkalophiles | bacteria that grow in alkaline environments (high pH) |
| Anaerobes | bacteria that only grow in the absence of oxygen |
| Antagonism | mutually harmful relationship between two organisms |
| Aseptic techniques | 1-cover dishes to prevent bacteria from the air entering culture--2-sterilizing loop in flame before use |
| Autotrophs | bacteria that use carbon dioxide from the air as a source of carbon |
| Auxotrophs | bacteria that harbor mutagens so it can no longer make a given vitamin--vit. must be added to growth medium--parental org. grows fine without addition |
| Blood agar | medium gen. used for isolation of human pathogens from body sites such as the throat--from sheep |
| Broths | liquid media--solid media--broths solidified by addition of agar--melts at boiling temps.--sets at room temp. like gelatin |
| Brownian motion | process in which molecules in solution are bouncing off each other |
| Chemoautotrophs | bacteria that do not require sunlight/organic nutrients--use minerals/gases from air--energy from chemicals in rocks |
| Commensalism | form of symbiosis that ocurs when org. A helps org. B--A is unaffected either for good/bad by org. B |
| Complex (nonsynthetic) media | common brain-heart infussion broth media--contains extracts of beef heart and brain--exact chemical composition of media is not known |
| Defined (synthetic) media | media consists of completely known chemicals |
| Differential media | common--some contain amino acids & sugars--lactose with dye that changes color if acid is produced by culture--both types of org. grow--colonies of 1 type of org. are diferentiated by the color they produce as they metabolize the sugar |
| Diffusion | molecules spread out--nutrient must diffuse to surface of microbe for absorption--microbe may swim to area containing higher concentrations of nutrients |
| Enriched medium | if nutrients are known--can be added to brain-heart infusion broth |
| Extreme thermophiles | bacteria growing around thermal vents--volcanic openings at ocean floor--boiling temps. and above |
| Facultative anaerobes | bacteria that grow with or without oxygen |
| Fastidious organisms | organisms that require vitamins or similar nutrients--appropriate vitamins must be added to culture organisms |
| Halophiles | bacteria that grow in high salt conditions--ocean, Great Salt Lake |
| Heterotrophs | bacteria that require their carbon source to already be in organic form--sugar or amino acids-- |
| Mesophiles | bacteria that grow best in warm temperatures--human pathogens are generally mesophilic |
| Methanogens | bacteria that derive their energy from carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce methane gas--bubbles in swamps often methane produced by bacteria |
| Microaerophiles | bacteria that require reduced levels of oxygen--less than 20% oxygen levels found in air |
| Mutualistic symbiosis | when both populations need each other for a high quality of living |
| Normal flora | organisms occupy a given habitat and are not harmful--also called commensals--on human tissues--native microbial forms that healthy individuals harbor--mouth, intestinal tract, skin, etc. |
| Obligate aerobes | bacteria that absolutely require oxygen for growth |
| Obligate halophiles | bacteria that cannot grow without a high concentration of salt |
| Osmotic (hydrostatic) pressure | pressure due to water trying to reduce chemical gradient--inside cell sufficiently to rupture cytoplasmic membrane |
| Parasitism | when symbiotic relationship is beneficial to one organism and harmful to the other |
| Petri dish | normally constructed of plasic--about 4 inches in diameter with a removable cover |
| Photoautotrophs | photosynthetic bacteria that can use the energy in light--like plants--to produce their own energy |
| Psychrophiles | bacteria that grow best in cold temperatures |
| Selective media | media that select for certain kinds of bacteria--allow some to grow while inhibiting others |
| Symbiosis | bacteria that grow with each other in a community--sym:together-bios: living |
| Synergism | total growth success of both (or more than 2) organisms is more than what would be if organisms grow independently |
| Thermoduric bacterium | bacteria that can't grow at high temps, but is not killed at high temps for a short time |
| Thermophiles | bacteria that grow best in hot temperatures |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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