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NWHSU GA Quiz #3
NWHSU Gross Anatomy Exam #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Innervation of Pectoralis Minor Muscle? | Medial Pectoral Nerve |
| Give the actions of the pectoralis major muscle? (both heads) | (Both) Adduction, Horizontal adduction, Medial Rotation. (Clavicular head) Flexion of humerus. (Sternocostal head) extensions of humerus, assists anterior tilt of scapula. |
| Action of Teres Major Muscle? | Extension, Medial Rotation, Adduction of Humerus |
| Innervation of Latissimus Dorsi? | Thoracodorsal Nerve |
| Action of Infraspinatus Muscle? | Lateral rotation, Extension of Humerus |
| Origin of Serratus Anterior? | Lateral Surface of Upper 8 ribs |
| Innervation of Levator Scapulae? | Dorsal Scapular Nerve; C3,4 spinal ns |
| Origin of Trapezius? (all three head) | Upper: external occipital protuberance, Ligamentum Nuchae. Middle: C7-T3 Spinous Processes. Lower: T4-T12 Spinous Processes |
| Deep Muscle that inserts on the distal anterior radius? | Pronator Quadratus |
| Insertion of Palmaris Longus? | Palmar Aponeurosis & Flexor retinaculum |
| Origin of Brachialis Muscle? | Lower half anterior shaft of humerus |
| Insertion of Flexor Pollicus Longus Muscle? | Distal Phalanx of the Thumb |
| Action of Extensor Digitorum? | Extension of 4 fingers at MP & IP joints. Assists extension of wrist. |
| Insertion of Extensor Carpi Radiallis Longus? | Base of 2nd Metacarpal |
| Common Origin of extensors located in the forearm? | Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus |
| Insertion of Anconeus? | Olecranon process and upper posterior surface of Ulna |
| Elevators of the Scapula? | Upper Trapezius and Levator Scapulae |
| Abductors (radial deviators) of the wrist? | Flexor Carpi radialis & Extensor Carpi radialis longus |
| Horizontal Adductors of the Humerus? | Anterior Deltoid & Pectoralis Major |
| Innervation of serratus anterior muscle? | Long Thoracic Nerve |
| Muscle which inserts into the upper lip and moves the upper lip upward and outward? | Zygomaticus minor |
| Innervation of subscapularis muscle? | Upper and lower subscapular nerves |
| Artery that supplies thenar muscles? | Medial Artery |
| What do gray rami communicantes carry? (Be as specific as possible) | Incoming postgaglionic sympathetic fibers |
| A Patient presents a sprained wrist caused by hyperextension? (Give a specific ligament damage)? | Palmar radiocarpal ligament and palmar ulnarcarpal ligament |
| A patient with a "pulled elbow" (specifically the head of the radius has been pulled through it surrounding ligament). Give specific ligament damage. | Annular Ligament |
| Name the 2 bursae associated with the superior anterior part of the shoulder joint? | Subdeltoid bursae and subacromial bursae |
| What forms the INFERIOR (LOWER) border of the triangle of auscultation? | Latissimus Dorsi Muscle |
| What forms the MEDIAL (UPPER) boarder of the triangle of auscultation? | Trapezius Muscle |
| What forms the LATERAL (SIDE) boarder of the triangle of auscultation? | Medial border of the Scapula |
| Nerve of the rhomboid muscles? | Dorsal Scapular |
| Insertion of the latissimus dorsi muscle? | Bicipital groove of the humerus |
| Action of the levator scapulae muscle? | Elevation and downward rotation of scapula |
| Action of the teres major? | Extension, medial rotation and adduction of the humerus |
| Origin of pectoralis minor muscle? | Anterior surface of ribs 3, 4, 5 near costal cartilage |
| Insertion of the subscapularis Muscle? | Lesser tubercle of the humerus |
| Innervation of serratus anterior muscle? | Long Thoracic nerve |
| Innervation of subcavius muscle? | Subclavian nerve |
| Origin of the levator scapulae? | Transverse processes of C1-C4 |
| Innervation of the latissimus dorsi? | Thoracodorsal nerve |
| Action of the rhomboid muscles? | Retraction and downward rotation of the scapula |
| Give the action of latissimus Dorsi? | Adduction, medial rotation, extension of the humerus, downward rotation of the scapula, assists depression of the scapula |
| Insertion of the teres minor? | Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet) |
| Give the action of the lower trapezius? | Depression and upward rotation of the scapula |
| Origin of the brachialis muscle? | Lower half of anterior shaft of humerus |
| Insertion of palmaris longus? | Palmar aponerosis and flexor retinaculum |
| 2 muscles which can act to rotate the radius so that the palm faces anteriorly? | Supinator and Biceps Brachii |
| Name the muscle(s) in the anterior forearm that form(s) the superficial layer? | (1) Pronator Teres (2) Flexor Carpi Radialis (3) Palmris longus (4) Flexor Carpi Ulnaris |
| Innervation of the triceps Brachii? | Radial Nerve |
| What is the action of Extensor Digitorum? | Extensor expansion of 4 fingers at MP & IP joints and Assists extension of wrist |
| Insertion of the subscapularis muscle? | Lesser tubercle of humerus |
| Innervation of the subscapularis? | Upper and lower subscapular nerves |
| Actions of the serratus anterior? | Protraction, Upward rotation of the scapula, stabilizes scapula against chest wall, depression of scapula (lower fibers), assists forced exhalation |
| Muscle which inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula? | Petoralis minor |
| Origin of the pectoralis minor muscle? | Anterior surface of ribs 3, 4, 5 near Costal cartilages |
| Origin and insertion of the flexor pollicis longus? | Origin: middle of anterior radius and interosseus membrane. Insertion: Distal phalanx of thumb |
| Abductors (protractors) of the scapula? | Pectoralis Minor and Serratus Anterior |
| Medial (downward) rotators of the scapula? | Levator scapulae, rhomboids, pectoralis minor, and latissimus dorsi |
| Anterior tilt of scapula? | Pectoralis minor and pectoralis major (sternoclavicular head) |
| Lateral (upward) rotators of the scapula? | Upper trapezius, Lower Trapezius, and Serratus Anterior |
| Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus? | Radial 2 fingers via the Median nerve... and Ulnar 2 fingers via the ulnar nerves |
| Origin of the short head of Biceps Brachii? | Coracoid Process |
| Name the deepest pronator of the forearm? | Pronator Quadratus |
| Anterior muscle which causes downward rotation of the scapula? | Pectoralis minor |
| Depressors of the Scapula? | Pectoralis minor, Serratus Anterior (lower fibers), Lower Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi |
| Adductors (retractors) of the scapula? | Middle Trapezius and Rhomboids |
| Action of extensor carpi ulnaris? | Extension and adduction of the wrist |
| Name the Elevators of the scapula? | Upper Trapezius and Levator Scapulae |
| Name the upward rotators of the scapula. Be specific. | Upper trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior |
| Name the extensors of the Elbow? | Triceps Brachii and Anconeus |
| Name the pronators of the forearm? | Pronator Teres and Pronator Quadratus |
| Muscle that raises the upper lip? | Levator Labii Superioris |
| Specific action of pars alaris of nasalis? | Widens the nostrils |
| Specific artery that accompanies the radial nerve in the upper arm? | Profunda Brachii |
| Artery which accompanies the phrenic nerve? | Pericardiacophrenic artery |
| what vessles give rise to the dorsal metacarpal arteries? BE SPECIFIC!!! | Dorsal carpal branch of the radius, Dorsal carpal branh of the unla, anterior interosseus artery |
| Terminal part (end) of the radial artery? | Deep Palmar Arch |
| Name the direct branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery? | Posterior humeral circumflex artery, anterior humeral circumflex artery and subscapular artery |
| Specific branch of the basilar artery which helps supply the very large hemispheres of the brain? | Posterior cerebral artery |
| Vessel which forms an anastomosis with the superficial palmar arch? | Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery |
| Injury to any of these spinal nerve roots may affect the function of the ulnar nerve? | (C7), C8, T1 |
| A Baseball batter of thin build was severely hit by a wild pitch in the posterolateral aspect of the upper arm about midway up. what nerve would you check for possible injury? now briefly explain how you would perform the check? | The Radial Nerve -- check for loss of function in the triceps, anconeus and the extensors of the forearm. Also, you could check for loss of sensation in the posterior lateral portion of the hand. |
| Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve would affect what muscles? | Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis - "BBC" |
| The musculocutaneous nerve runs primarily on the anterior surface of this muscle? | Brachialis |
| This nerve passes between the deep and superficial heads of pronator teres? | Median nerve |
| Spinal nerves (levels of the cord) which have white rami communicantes? | T1-L2 or L3 |
| What do gray rami communicantes carry? Be as specific as possible!! | Incoming post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers |
| 3 letter classification given to the anterior horn of the spinal cord? | GSE |
| Give specific spinal cord segments for the descendens cervicalis (inferior root of ansa cervicalis). | C2, C3 |
| Give specific spinal cord segments for the Supraclavicular nerves? | C3, C4 |
| What does the ansa cervicalis innervate? BE SPECIFIC!! | Sternohyoid muscle, sternothyroid muscle, and omohyoid muscle (inferior belly) - "SOS" |
| Alternate name for the C3 dorsal ramus (posterior primary division)? | 3rd occipital nerve |
| Ligament torn in hyperadduction of the wrist?? | Radial collateral ligament |
| ligament that holds the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii in a groove? | Transverse humeral ligament |
| The obturator nerve arises from the ______ division of the _______ plexus. | anterior lumbar |
| The tibial nerve arises from the ________________ of the sacral plexus and carries fibers from cord segments ______________________. | anterior division. L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 |
| The upper subscapular nerve arises from the ____________ (be very!! specific)of the brachial plexus. | Posterior cord |
| Name the hypothenar muscles: | Opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, and palmaris brevis |
| T/F Extensor pollicis longus forms the posterior border of the snuff box? | true |
| T/F Lumbricals extend the MP and interphalangeal joints? | False!! A: Flexion of fingers at MP joints, extension of fingers at PIP and DIP joints |
| T/F the palmar aponeurosis is proximally attached to the tendon of palmaris longus and the flexor retinaculum? | True |
| T/F All interossei are innervated by the ulnar nerve? | True |
| T/F The dorsal interossei abduct the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits? | True |
| Which tendon does "the split" (In the palmar digits)? | Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
| Which tendon goes through "the split"? (In the palmar digits)? | Flexor Digitorum Profundus |
| Muscles responsible for a specific action are called _________? | Agonist |
| ______________ stabilize the origin of a muscle? | Fixator |
| _____________ Facilitates the action of other muscles by being an antagonist to an UNDESIRABLE MOTION, thus facilitating the action of the primary mover? | Synergist |
| The cervical plexus comes from _________? | Ventral rami |
| Name the 4 cutaneous branches (cervical plexus)? | (1) lesser occipital nerve C2 (2) greater auricular nerve C2,3 (3) transverse cervical nerve C2,3 (4) supraclavicular nerves C3,4 |
| Cutaneous branch to skin on posterior surface of ear and just posterior to ear? | Lesser occipital nerve C2 |
| ____________ to most skin of ear, skin over parotid gland and mastoid process? | Great auricular nerve C2,3 |
| __________ To majority of skin of anterior neck | Transverse cervical nerve C2,3 |
| The lateral horn is only found where in the spine? | T1-L2 (or L3) |
| White rami communicantes are attached where? | T1-L2(or L3) and S2-s4 spinal nerves only |
| Gray rami communicantes are attached where? | Attach to all spinal nerves |
| GVE goes to: | Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands |
| GSE goes to: | Straight to skeletal muscle - no ganglion |
| GVEs are found where? | Lateral horn |
| Give the 3 letter classification given to the lateral horn ? | GVE |
| 3 letter classification(s) given to the posterior horn? | GVA and GSA |
| Which matter has Lots of neuron cell bodies? | Grey matter |
| Which matter contains axons of the neurons? | White matter |
| 3 letter classification given to the neuron that goes all the way to skeletal muscle? | GSE |
| To skin of shoulder and upper pectoral region? | Supraclavicular nerves C3,4 |
| Lessor occipital nerve? | Cutaneous branch to skin on posterior surface of ear and skin just posterior to ear, C2 |
| Great auricular nerve? | Cutaneous branch to most skin of ear, skin over parotid gland and mastoid process, C2,3 |
| Transverse cervical nerves? | To majority of skin of anterior neck, C2,3 |
| Supraclavicular nerves? | To skin of shoulders and upper pectoral region, C3,4 |
| Vagus nerve? | Joins vagus at inferior ganglion of vagus C1,2 (CN 10) |
| Hypoglossal nerve? | Geniohyoid (C1), thyrohyoid (C1), and meningeal br. (C1,2) |
| Define antagonist. | Muscle responsible for a specific action. |
| Muscle responsible for a specific action? | Antagonist |
| Phrenic nerve spinal segments? | C3,4,5 to diaphragm |
| Define fixator? | Stabilize the origin of a muscle |
| Define synergist? | Facilitates the action of other muscles by being an antagonist to an undesirable motion, thus facilitating the action of the primary mover. |
| ________ Produces the opposite action of an agonist. | Antagonist |
| Which branch of the lumbar plexus supplies the the muscles and skin of abdominal wall? | Iliohypogastric nerve, L1 |
| Which branch of the lumbar plexus passes through the superficial inguinal ring? (( Muscles of abdominal wall and skin of scrotum/labia majora)) | Ilioinguinal nerve, L1 |
| Skin and muscles of the original anterior (flexor) surface of the lower limb in embryo are branches of what? | Branches of anterior division |
| Branch of the anterior division that supplies skin and muscles of the medical compartment of thigh? | Obturator nerve, L2,3,4 |
| Skin and muscles of the original posterior (Extensor) surface of the lower limb in the embryo are branches of what? | Branches of the posterior division |
| Injury to any of these spinal nerve roots may affect the function of the ulnar nerve? | C5, 6, 7, 8 (T1) |
| Injury to musculocutaneous nerve would affect what muscles? | Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis |
| Name the 2 ligaments that connect the scapula and clavicle? | Conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament (combined makes the coracoclavicular ligament) |
| Ligament torn in hyperadduction of the wrist? | Radial collateral ligament |
| The obtorator nerve arises from the ______________ division of the __________ plexus? | ANTERIOR division of the LUMBAR Plexus |
| The tibial nerve arises from the _______________ of the sacral plexus and carries fibers from cord segments _____________. | ANTERIOR DIVISION, cord segments: L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 |
| The upper subscapular nerve arises from the ______________ (be very specific) of the brachial plexus. | Posterior cord |
| Insertion of pectoralis minor muscle? | Coracoid process of scapula |
| Insertion of the serratus anterior muscle? | Vertebral boarder of scapula |
| Innervation of Trapezius? | Accessory nerve (CNXI) spinal part (motor) |
| Action of the serratus Posterior superior? | Elevation of ribs to increase thoracic cavity during inspiration |
| Besides elevation, the action of the levator scapulae on the scapula? | Downward rotation of the scapula |
| Give the insertion of the trapezius? | UPPER: lateral 3rd of clavicle and acromion of scapula MIDDLE: spine of scapula LOWER: root of spine of scapula |
| Insertion of flexor pollicis longus? | distal phalanx of thumb |
| Insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris? | pisiform and hamate carpal bones, base of 5th metacarpal |
| Muscle whose long tendon is often used for tendon repair, it is also sometimes absent? | Palmaris longus |
| Origin of the LONG HEAD of the biceps brachii? | supraglenoid tubercle |
| Name the muscle(s) in the anterior forearm that form(s) the INTERMEDIATE layer? | Flexor digitorum superficialis |
| Action of the extensor carpi ulnaris? | Extension and adduction of the wrist |
| Insertion of anconeus? | Olecranon process and upper posterior surface of Ulna |
| Muscle that originates below the radial notch on posterior ulna and posterior capsule; it inserts between anterior and posterior oblique lines on anterior surface of proximal radius? | Supinator Muscle |
| Origin of the lateral head of the triceps? | Posterior humerus above spiral groove |
| A retractor of the scapula innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve? | Rhomboids |
| Rotator cuff muscle that inserts on the lower facet of the greater tubercle? | Teres minor |
| Name the extensors of the wrist? | Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi radialis brevis |
| Name the downward rotators of the scapula? | Levator scapula, Rhomboids, pectoralis minor, latissimus dorsi |
| Action of the temporoparietalis muscle? | Keep scapula tight |
| Muscle which raises upper lip and dilates nares? | Levator Labii Superiorus Alaque nasi |
| Action of the mentalis? | protrudes lower lip (pout) and wrinkles chin |
| Terminal part of radial artery? | Deep palmar arch |
| Specific medially located vessel that contributes to the anastomosis on the dorsum of the wrist? | Dorsal Carpal Branch of the Ulnar Artery |
| the cephalic vein travels on the _________ (medial, anterior, lateral) aspect of the upper limb and is a tributary to ___________________. | Lateral. Axillary vein |
| ______________________ specific artery that accompanies the radial nerve in the upper arm? | Profunda brachii |
| Artery which accompanies the phrenic nerve? | brachiocephalic artery |
| What vessels give rise to the dorsal metacarpal arteries? (BE SPECIFIC!!) | Anterior interosseous artery, dorsal carpal branch of ulnar artery, and dorsal carpal branch of radial artery. |
| Term used to describe paired deep veins? | Venae comitantes |
| Name the direct branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery? | posterior humeral circumflex artery, anterior humeral circumflex artery, and subscapular artery |
| Give the superior and inferior boundaries of the quadrangular space? | Superior = Teres minor. Inferior = Teres major |
| The musculocutaneous nerve runs primarily on the anterior surface of this muscle? | coracobrachialis muscle |
| The radial nerve carries fibers from these segments? | C5,6,7,8, (T1) |
| Consider a deep(to the bone) laceration completely across the lower ANTERIOR wrist.(A)What Nervous component(s) would escape injury?(B)As depth increased, what nerve was cut fist? | (a) superficial branch of radial nerve. (b) Ulnar nerve |
| The median nerve runs immediately deep to this muscle during most of its course trough the forearm? | flexor digitorum superficialis |
| What do WHITE rami communicantes carry?? Be as specific as possible!! | outgoing preganglionic sympathetic fibers. visceral afferent fibers!! |
| What forms the greater occipital nerve? | Dorsal rami of C2, some C3 |
| Give the specific cord segments that usually form the brachial plexus? | C5,6,7,8, and T1 |
| Give the specific cord segments that usually form the Great auricular nerve? | C2, C3 |
| Name the 3 hypothenar muscles? | Flexor digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi, Opponens digiti minimi |
| Name the ligament of the shoulder immediately deep to subscapularis tendon; it has superior, middle, and inferior parts. IMMPORTANT: it doesn't attach to the coracoid process!! | Glenohumeral ligaments |
| A patient presents a pulled elbow (specifically, the head of the radius has ben pulled through its surrounding ligament, thus tearing it). give the ligament damaged:? | Annular ligament |
| The tibial nerve arises from the ________________ of the sacral plexus and carries fibers from cord segment(s) __________________. | Anterior division. L4,5 and S1,2,3 |
| The iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves are branches of the _________ plexus and carry ________ cord segment(s) | Lumbar. L1 |
| The lower subscapular nerve arises from the _________________ of the brachial plexus. (NO SEGMENTS!!!!!) | Posterior cord (C5,6) |
| Ligament which attaches at the lesser and greater tubercles of the humerus and forms a retinaculum for the tendon of the lateral head of the biceps brachii? | Transverse humeral ligament |
| The suprascapular n comes from the _________________ of the brachial plexus | Superior trunk |
| The subclavius n comes off the ___________________ of the brachial plexus | Superior trunk |
| The three dorsal divisions of the brachial plexus go into the _____________________ | Posterior cord |
| The three ventral divisions of the brachial plexus go into the _________________. | Lateral and medical cords |
| The lateral pectoral nerve is a branch from the ____________________ of the brachial plexus | Lateral cord |
| The upper subscapular nerve is a branch from the ________________ of the brachial plexus | Posterior cord |
| The thoracodorsal nerve is a branch from the ___________ of the brachial plexus | Posterior cord |
| The medial pectoral nerve is a branch from the _____________ of the brachial plexus. | Median cord |
| Musculocutaneous nerve is a branch from the ________________ of the behavioral plexus | Lateral cord |
| Axillary nerve is a branch from the _________________ of the brachial plexus | Posterior cord |
| The radial nerve is a branch of the _____________________ of the brachial plexus. | Posterior cord |
| The median nerve is a branch of the ____________________of the brachial plexus. | Medial and lateral cords |
| The ulnar nerve is a branch off the___________ of the brachial plexus.. | Medial cord |
| What is known as the "laughing muscle"? | Zygomaticus major |
| What is known as the "Disdain" facial muscle? | Levator anguli Oris |
| What is known as the "smile muscle"? | Risorius |
| What muscle compresses the cheeks (Blow)? | Buccinator |
| Which muscle protrudes lower lip (pout) wrinkles chin? | Mentalis |
| Which muscle is known as the "kissing muscle"? | Orbicularis Oris |
| Which muscle gives a person the "look of horror"? | Platysma muscle |
| Which muscle moves the ear up? | Superior Auricular muscle |
| Which muscle moves the ear back? | Posterior Auricular muscle |
| Which muscle moves the ear forward? | Anterior Auricular muscle |
| Which muscle keeps the scalp tight? | Temporoparietalis m. |
| Which muscle raises the lip? | Levator Labii Superioris |
| Which muscle raises the lip AND widens the nostrils? | Levator Labii superioris Alaque Nasi |
| Which muscle gives you a furrowed brow? | Procerus |
| Injury to these spinal segments may damage the ulnar nerve? | (C7) C8, T1 |
| Injury to these spinal segments may damage the median nerve? | (C5) C6,7,8, T1 |
| Damage to these spinal segments may damage the musculocutaneous nerve? | C5,6,7 |
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walkingbyfaith09
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