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Chemistry Ch. 12-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Moseley solved the problem of the elements that did not fit the pattern according to their properties by arranging them with ______ ______. | atomic number |
| When repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the elements' atomic numbers, it is called the ________ ___. | periodic law |
| In each square of the periodic table in your text, _______ _____ is not included. | melting point |
| Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids according to their __________. | properties |
| The number of _________ in the outer energy level of an atom helps determine which category an element belong in. | electrons |
| Most elements are ______ which can be found to the left of the zigzag line on the periodic table. | metals |
| Most metals are _______, which means that they can be drawn into thin wires. | ductile |
| Most metals are _____ at room temperature. | solids |
| Most metals are malleable. What does this mean? | They can be hammered into thin sheets without breaking. |
| _________ are found to the right of the zigzag line on the periodic table. | Nonmetals |
| Semiconductors, also called __________, are the elements that make up the zigzag line on the periodic table. | metalloids |
| Elements in a _____ often share properties. | group |
| The physical and chemical properties of the elements change across each ______. | period |
| For most elements, the ________ ______ has one or two letters, with the first letter always capitalized. | chemical symbol |
| Horizontal rows of elements on the period table are called ______. | periods |
| Vertical columns of elements on the period table are called ______ or ________. | groups;families |
| Elements in a group or family have similar properties if they have the same number of electrons in their _____ ______ _____. | outer energy level |
| Alkali metals are usually not stored in _____. | water |
| Atoms of ______________ have two outer level electrons. | alkaline-earth |
| Name three alkaline-earth metals. | beryllium, calcium, magnesium |
| Transition metals are not more reactive than ______ and ______________ metals. | alkali;alkaline-earth |
| Two rows of transition metals are place at the bottom of the periodic table to save space. They are called ___________ and _________. | lanthanides;actinides |
| Each element in the nitrogen group has ____ electrons in the outer level. | five |
| Why is oxygen important? | breathe, burn, air |
| The atoms of _______ need to gain only one electron to have a complete outer energy level. | halogens |
| Halogens combine with most metals to form ____ such as ______ ________. | salt;sodium chloride |
| Noble gases do not normally _____ with other elements. | react |
| Hydrogen does not have ___ electrons in its outer energy level. | two |
| What does periodic mean? | repeating pattern |
| Mendeleev's pattern repeated after how many elements? | seven |
| The periodic law says the properties of elements change with ______ ______. | atomic number |
| Since 1914, ___ elements that have been discovered follow the periodic law. | all |
| Most of the elements in the periodic table are ______. | metals |
| More than half of the _________ are gases at room temperature. | nonmetals |
| Metalloids are also called _______________. | semi-conductors |
| Elements such as ___________ are named after places. | californium |
| For most elements, the ________ ______ has one or two letters. | chemical symbol |
| What is the horizontal row called? | period |
| How do you read periods? | from left to right |
| Transition metals are ____ conductors of thermal energy. | good |
| Lanthanides are ________. | reactive |
| Actinides are ___________. | radioactive |
| All elements in the boron group are ________ and solids at room temperature. | reactive |
| The most common element in the boron group is ________, which is used to make airplane parts. | aluminium |
| Compounds of carbon, such as proteins, fats, and _____________, are necessary for life on Earth. | carbohydrates |
| The symbol Sn stands for the metal, ___. | tin |
| Nitrogen can react with _______ to make ammonia. | hydrogen |
| In order for a substance to burn, it needs ______. | oxygen |
| When a halogen reacts with a metal, ____ is made. | salt |
| Hydrogen is located _____ group 1 on the period table. | above |
| Group numbers on the periodic table can help you determine the number of _______ _________. | valence electrons |
| Atoms gain, lost, or share _________ they bond. | electrons |
| How many valence electrons does helium need to have a filled outer energy level? | two |
| ______ ______ is the number of protons in an atom. | Atomic number |
| ________ ____ is an interaction that holds two atoms together. | Chemical bond |
| _______ _________ is an electron in the outer energy level of an atom. | Valence electron |
| _____ _____ are elements that have eight valence electrons and normally do not form chemical bonds. | Noble gases |
| An _____ bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. | ionic |
| Charged particles, called ____, form when atoms gain or lose electrons. | ions |
| When a sodium atom loses its only valence electron, it becomes a _______ ___. | sodium ion |
| What is the charge of an aluminum ion that has 13 protons and 10 electrons? | +3 |
| The 3-D pattern that forms when ions bond is called _______ _______. | crystal lattice |
| Most molecules are composed of ___ or more elements. | one |
| Metals can bend without breaking because they contain constantly moving _________. | electrons |
| A ________ bond forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. | covalent |
| A ________ is the smallest unit of a substance that still keeps the properties of the substance. | molecule |
| An ____________ _______ model is used to show the valence electrons of an atom. | electron-dot diagram |
| ________ molecules are made of two atoms of the same element. | Diatomic |
| A ________ bond is formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them. | metallic |
| ____________ is the ability of a metal to be hammered into thing sheets. | Malleability |
| Electrons in an atom are organized by ______ ______. | energy levels |
| _______ _________ are the only parts of an atom that make chemical bonds. | Valence electrons |
| Why don't noble gases normally form chemical bonds? | filled outer energy level |
| What allows metals to bond? | overlapping energy levels, constantly moving electrons |
| ________ elements are found in nature as diatomic molecules. | Diatomic |
| ionic bond | electrons are transferred;metal+nonmetal |
| cation | a positively charged ion |
| anion | a negatively charged ion |
| exothermic | the releasing of energy |
| covalent bond | electrons are shared;nonmetal+nonmetal |
| atom | the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same element |
| group 18 | noble gases that have a complete set of electrons |
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