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EXAM 1
Differentiation of the Nervous System
Questions | Answers |
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This NEUROSCIENCE stack covers Differentiation of the Nervous System | (blank) |
Q: The ventricular zone (also called the ependymal layer or neuroepithelial layer) lies adjacent to _______. | A: The lumen of the neural tube. |
Q: These cells proliferate to produce neuroblasts. | A: Neuroepithelial cells. |
Q: Neuroblasts migrate peripherally to form _______. | A: The mantle layer or zone. |
Q: OK, we know the mantle a layer is made up of neuroblasts… so what do these become. | A: Neuroblasts are the precursor of gray matter. |
Q: In the spinal cord and brain stem where would you find the mantle layer? | A: In the spinal cord and brain stem the mantle layer immediately overlies the ventricular zone. |
Q: What establishes the marginal layer? | A: Growing neuronal fibers which later become white matter. |
Q: Where is the marginal zone in relationship to the mantle zone? | A: The marginal zone is peripheral to the mantle zone in location. |
Q: White matter is made up of _______, while gray matter is mostly _______. | A: Nerve fibers (axons), cellular. |
Q: Are basal plates ventral or dorsal? | A: Ventral. |
Q: Are basal plates motor or sensory? | A: Motor. |
Q: Are alar plates ventral or dorsal? | A: Dorsal. |
Q: Are alar plates motor or sensory? | A: Sensory. |
Q: What separates basal plates from alar plates? | A: The sulcus limitans. |
Q: This structure contains the centers to regulate respiration, heartbeat, and reflex movements. | A: The medulla oblongata. |
Q: The medulla oblongata is associated with which cranial nerves. | A: CN’s VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII. |
Q: This relay center between the spinal cord and higher centers contains CN nuclei. | A: The medulla oblongata. |
Q: What gives rise to the inferior olivary nuclear complex? | A: Alar plates. |
Q: The alar plates of this structure give rise to rhombic lips which fuse to form the cerebellum. | A: The pons. |
Q: True or false? The pons has massive gray matter tracts from the marginal layer. | A: False! To make this a true statement you would have to substitute white matter for gray matter. |
Q: The alar plates give rise to the inferior olivary nuclear complex in the medulla oblongata. What do they give rise to in the pons? | A: The pontine nuclei. |
Q: The pons is associated with which cranial nerves? | A: CN’s V, VI, VII, and part of VIII. |
Q: Cerebral peduncles are closely associated with which structure? | A: The midbrain. |
Q: Alar plates give rise to the superior and inferior colliculi. These make up the tectum, also known as _______. | A: The corpora quadrigemina. |
Q: Where do the red nuclei and substantia nigra arise from? | A: Basal plates. |
Q: The midbrain is associated with which cranial nerve? | A: CN’s III & IV. |
Q: Since cells that make up the substantia nigra contain dopamine & melanin, which disease would start here? | A: Parkinson’s. |
Q: Brain stem CN nuclei are organized into 7 columns: What are they? (think systemic anatomy) | A: GSE, SVE, GVE, GVA, GSA, SVA, and SSA. |
Q: Name the parts of the basal nuclei. | A: The basal nuclei are made up of the caudate nucleus and the lenticular nucleus. [The lenticular nucleus is made up of the putamen & globus pallidus.] |
Q: The lenticular nucleus can be further broken down into the _______ and _______. | A: The putamen & globus pallidus. |
Q: Give another name for the lenticular nucleus. | A: The lentiform nucleus. |
Q: Where would you find the corpus striatum? | A: On the floor of the telencephalon. |
Q: How many basal plates are found in the diencephalon? | A: None! There aren’t any in the telencephalon either. |
Q: I say diencephalon, you think… | A: Thalamus (or thalamic structures). |
Q: The pineal gland is also known as the _______. | A: The epithalamus which is a dorsal swelling of the diencephalon. |
Q: The dorsal part of the diencephalon is the ______. | A: Thalamus. |
Q: The ventral part of the diencephalon is the _______. | A: Hypothalamus. |
Q: This structure is a ventral outpouching of the diencephalon. | A: The infundibulum. |
Q: Human eyes are actually outpocketings of the _______. | A: Diencephalon. |
Q: What is the derivation of the cranial nerve nuclei? | A: Motor nuclei arise from brain stem basal plates, sensory relay nuclei arise from brain stem alar plates. |