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Astronomy Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.1 ____________ is an exact opposite. | Antipode |
| 1.2 ___________ is the inner layer of a planet. | Mantle |
| 1.3 ______________ relates to matter falling from space. | Meteoric |
| 1.4 ______________ is the apparent shape of an orbiting body. | Phase |
| 1.5 _____________ is the passage of one body across the disk of another. | Transit |
| 1.6 ______________ is to diminish in brilliance. | Wane |
| 1.7 ____________ is to grow in brilliance. | Wax |
| 1.8 Why does the Sun dominate the Solar System? | It contains 99.9% of all matter in our solar system. |
| 1.9 How does Mercury compare closely to Earth's moon? | In appearance, size, and change of phase. |
| 1.10 The cycle of change in brightness occurs because the angle between Mercury and Earthbound astronomers changes over time describes what? | Waxing and waning |
| 1.11 A(n) ___________________ are when days are measured from noon to noon. | apparent day |
| 1.12 T/F The solar wind is thought to reach 23.5 billion kilometers. | T |
| 1.13 T/F Tide lock is when a body presents only one hemisphere to the object it is orbiting. | T |
| 1.14 T/F A sidereal day is measured against a star sighting. | T |
| 1.15 T/F A magnetosphere is a planet's magnetic generator. | F-iron core |
| 1.16 T/F Weird terrain is unknown on Earth. | T |
| 1.17 T/F The hydrogen and helium of Mercury's atmosphere have been captured from the solar wind. | T |
| 1.18 T/F A rotating target reflects radio waves back to the source that are the same as those beamed out. | F-different from |
| 1.19 T/F "Sidereal" comes from a Latin word for "star." | T |
| 1.20 T/F There have been only two probes to Mercury because navigation close to the Sun is uncertain. | F |
| 2.1 _____________ is to place into a system of reference. | Codify |
| 2.2 ________________ is to move back to the starting point. | Circulate |
| 2.3 _______________ is to twist or bend out of shape. | Distort |
| 2.4 _______________ is equal in value or meaning. | Equivalent |
| 2.5 ________________ is a break, crack, or rupture. | Fracture |
| 2.6 _______________ is pertaining to the study of a planet's structure. | Geologic |
| 2.7 ________________ means equal temperature. | Isothermal |
| 2.8 _______________ is a system of names. | Nomenclature |
| 2.9 _________________ means cannot be penetrated by light. | Opaque |
| 2.10 ______________ also means mild. | Temperature |
| 2.11 Exerts almost 92 times the air pressure on Earth at sea level,atmosphere formed mainly of carbon dioxide and nitrogen,clouds consist of sulfuric acid,there's an absence of a magnetic field,surface temperatures were hot enough to melt zinc describe..? | Why Venus is hostile to life. |
| 2.12 Venus' clouds have a ________________ structure. | layered |
| 2.13 Ishtar Terra and Aphrodite Terra are the two _______________ on Venus. | continents |
| 2.14 _____________________ is the tallest mountain on Venus. | Maxwell Montes |
| 2.15 _________________ have steep sides, flat tops, and depressed centers. | Pancake volcanoes |
| 2.16 _________________ are radial fracture systems. | Novae |
| 2.17 _________________ resemble spiders' webs. | Arachnoids |
| 2.18 _________________ are circular rings surrounded by a depression. | Caronae |
| 2.19 How does a greenhouse work? | Glass permits energy in the form of sunlight to pass through it. When the energy is reflected, its wavelength has been lengthened to infrared. Glass is opaque to infrared thus heat energy remains within the glass structure to warm the interior. |
| 2.20 A widely held theory to explain the processes that produce Venus' clouds involve three major considerations, these are? | Geologic process, slow atmospheric cycle, and fast atmospheric cycle. |
| 2.21 The first probe to reach Venus was named ________________. | Mariner 2 |
| 2.22 Venus has no ________________________ field. | magnetic |
| 2.23 The American probe named ________________ mapped much of Venus' geography in 1990. | Magellan |
| 2.24 Because of its brightness, Venus is visible even in _______________. | daylight |
| 2.25 Venus' orbit is almost perfectly ______________. | circular |
| 3.1 __________________ is a false impression. | Illusion |
| 3.2 _______________ means fatal. | Lethal |
| 3.3 _________________ is a germ. | Microbe |
| 3.4 __________________ means pertaining to living things. | Organic |
| 3.5 ________________ is a chemical combination with oxygen. | Oxide |
| 3.6 __________________ is permanently frozen ground. | Permafrost |
| 3.7 __________________ means to wander. | Rove |
| 3.8 _____________ is to choke. | Stifle |
| 3.9 _______________ is physical features of a region. | Topography |
| 3.10 _______________ pertains to iron. | Ferric |
| 3.11 _______________ means panic. | Deimos |
| 3.12 ________________ means fear. | Phobos |
| 3.13 _______________ is translated as "channels." | Canali |
| 3.14 The _______________ is a special oxygen molecule. | ozone |
| 3.15 ________________ is a spinning column of air. | Dust Devil |
| 3.16 _____________ has shaped Mars' topography. | Volcanism |
| 3.17 List the three biology experiments performed by Vikings I and II. | A. Native soil was taken inside the lander and soaked with a nutrient solution. B. Native soil was taken inside the lander and exposed to water. C. Native soil was tested for the presence of carbon. |
| 3.18 The results of all tests performed by Vikings I and II were attributed to _________________ chemicals. | reactive soil |
| 3.19 Martian soil is actually lethal to ______________-alive or dead. | cells |
| 3.20 The change of seasons between the southern and northern _________________ sometimes results in planet-shrouding dust storms. | hemispheres |
| 4.1 ______________ discovered the two moons of Mars in 1877. | Asaph Hall |
| 4.2 ______________ discovered Venus' atmosphere in 1761. | Mikhail Lomonosov |
| 4.3 ______________ made the first telescopic observation of Mercury. | Galileo Galilei |
| 4.4 ______________ announced the presence of channels on Mars. | Giovanni Schiaparelli |
| 4.5 ______________ first tracked Mercury in the transit of 1631. | Pierre Gassendi |
| 4.6 ______________ discovered wave shift due to motion of the source in 1842. | Christian Doppler |
| 4.7 The Sun dominates the Solar System because ________________________ in the Solar System. | it contains 99.9% of all matter |
| 4.8 As Mercury's angle between observers on Earth changes, it seems to __________ and _______________. | wax, wane |
| 4.9 When a body presents only one hemisphere to the object it is orbiting, that body is said to be _________________. | tide locked |
| 4.10 A rotating target reflects radio waves back to the source ______________ from those sent out. | different |
| 4.11 A(n) _______________ day is measured against a star sighting. | sidereal |
| 4.12 A spinning metallic __________________ is a planet's magnetic generator. | iron core |
| 4.13 An _________________ day is measured from noon to noon. | apparent |
| 4.14 The _______________ mapped Venus. | Magellan |
| 4.15 __________________ discovered no life on Mars. | Viking I and II |
| 4.16 The ________________ mapped Mercury. | Mariner 10 |
| 4.17 The _________________ discovered the difference between high- and low-altitude winds. | Venera 8 |
| 4.18 The orbits of Mercury and Mars are _________________, while that of Venus is almost perfectly _______________. | elliptical, circular |
| 4.19 The _______________ Light may result from electrical activity high in Venus' clouds. | Ashen |
| 4.20 Solar ______________ radiation reaches the ground on Mercury, Venus, and Mars. | wind |
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jhincks
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