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Abnorm Psych 5
Abnormal Psych Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a stressor, and a stress response | State of stress has 2 characteristics: |
| physical, emotional, and cognitive | Fear is a package of responses that are _____, _______, and ________ |
| Hypothalamus | the part of the brain that sets the features of arousal and fear in motion |
| The ANS and the Endocrine System | The hypothalamus activates to systems: |
| Autonomic Nervous System | the extensive network of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to all the other organs of the body; help control the involuntary activitiesof the organs: breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, perspiration, etc. |
| Endocrine System | the network of glands located throughout the body; release hormones into the bloodstream; |
| Sympathetic Nervous System and the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway | 2 Pathways by which the ANS and endocrine system produce arousal and fear reactions: |
| Acute Stress Disorder | Anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced within 4 weeks of a traumatic event and last less than a month |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | Anxiety disorder in which fear and related symptoms continue to be experienced long after a traumatic event (continue longer than a month) |
| re-experiencing traumatic event (thoughts, memories, dreams, nightmares); Avoidance; Reduced Responsiveness; Increased arousal, anxiety, and guilt (hyper-alertness, easily startled, trouble concentrating, sleep problems) | Symptoms of PTSD and ASD: |
| Combat, disasters, abuse/victimization such as sexual assault, terrorism, or torture | Common causes of stress disorders: |
| Traumatic events can trigger physical changes in the brain/body; abnorm activity of cortisol and norepinephrine; damage to the hippocampus & amygdala; possible predisposition (biochem. abnormalities); inherited high-stress | Biological and Genetic Factors for Psychological Stress Disorders |
| people w/ certain personalities, attitudes, & coping styles particularly likely to develop SDs; preexisting high-anxiety; negative worldview; protective factors include positive attitudes such as resiliency or hardiness | Personality factors for psychological stress disorders |
| risk factors include: poverty in childhood, psychological disorders in family, assault/abuse/catastrophe at early age, divorce/separation when child was less then 10 | Childhood experiences as factors for developing psychological stress disorders: |
| weak social & family support systems more likely to develop SD | Social Support and psychological stress disorders |
| Hispanic Americans may be more vulnerable to PTSD than other racial/ethnic groups; cultural beliefs tend to view traumatic events as inevitable/unalterable (bad coping response); emphasis on social relationships/social support | Multicultural factors for psychological stress disorders: |
| Antianxiety drugs (control tension); Antidepressant (reduce nightmares, panic attacks, flashbacks, & depression); Exposure tx (EMDR); Insight Therapy (bring out feelings, create acceptance, lessen guilt), rap groups, psychological debriefing | Treatments for SDs: |
| Rap groups | a group that meets to talk about and explore members' problems in an atmosphere of mutual support |
| Psychological Debriefing | A form of crisis intervention in which victims are helped to talk about their feelings and reactions within days of the critical incident; often applied to victims who have not yet displayed any symptoms (prevention) |
| Psychophysiological/psychosomatic disorders | illnesses that result from an interaction of psychosocial and organic factors; psychological factors affecting medical condition; bring about actual physical damage |
| ulcers, asthma, insomnia, chronic headaches, muscle contraction, high blood pressure, and coronary heart disease | Best known/most common psychophysiological disorders before the 1970s |
| Ulcers | lesions that form in the wall of the stomach or of the duodenum resulting in burning sensations or pain in the stomach, occasional vomiting, & stomach bleeding; cause by interaction of stress factors |
| Asthma | causes the body's airways to narrow periodically, making ir hard for air to pass to and from the lungs; caused by interaction of stress factors (enviro. pressures/anxiety, & physio factors such as allergies, a slow acting SNS, or weakened resp. system) |
| Insomnia | Difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep; can be caused by psychosocial factors like high levels of anxiety/depression, or physio probs. like overactive arousal system or medical ailments |
| Relaxation training, biofeedback, meditation, hypnosis, cognitive interventions, insight therapy and support groups, combination approaches | Psychological treatments for physical disorders: |
| Behavioral Medicine | the field of treatment that combines psychological and physical approaches to treat or prevent medical problems |
| Type A personality style | personality style where people are said to be consistently angry, cynical, driven, impatient, competitive, and ambitious |
| Type B personality style | personality style where people are thought to be more relaxed, less aggressive, and less concerned about time |
Created by:
mobrien606
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