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Chapter 14 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Akbar | The most famous emperor of India's Mughal Empire; his polices are noted for their efforts about religious tolerance and inclusion. |
| Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor who revered his predecessors' policies of religious tolerance and attempted to impose Islamic supremacy. |
| Columbian Exchange | The massive transatlantic interaction and exchange between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia that began in the period of European exploration and colonization. |
| conquistadors | Spanish conquerors of Native Americans lands, most notably the Aztec and Inca Empires. |
| Constantinople, 1453 | Constantinople, the capital and almost of the only outpost o the Byzantine Empire, fell to the arms of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" in 1453, an event that marked the end of Christian Byzantium. |
| Creoles | Spaniards born in the Americas. |
| Devshirme | The tribute of boy children that the Ottoman Turks levied from their Christian subjects in the Balkans; the Ottomans raised the boys for service in the civil administration of the elite Janissary infantry corps. |
| fixed winds | The prevailing winds of the Atlantic, which blow steadily in the same direction; an understanding of these winds made European exploration and colonization of the Americas possible. |
| The "great dying" | Term used to describe the devastating demographic impact of European-borne epidemic diseases on the Americas. |
| Jizya | Special tax levied on non-Muslims in Islamic states; the Mughal Empire was notable for abolishing the jizya for a time. |
| Mercantilism | An economic theory that argues that governments best serve their states' economic interests by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion. |
| Mestizo | Literally, "mixed"; a term used to describe the mixed-rave population of Spanish colonial societies in the Americas. |
| Mughal Empire | One of the most successful empires of India, a state founded by Muslim Turks who invaded India in 1526; their rule was noted for efforts to create partnerships between Hindus and Muslims. |
| Mulattoes | Term commonly used for people of mixed African and American blood. |
| Ottoman Empire | Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, the Near East, and much of North Africa. |
| Peninsulares | In the Spanish colonies of Latin America, the term used to refer to people who had been born in Spain; they claimed superiority over Spaniards born in the Americas. |
| Plantation complex | Agricultural system based on African slavery that was used in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southern colonies of North America. |
| Qing Dynasty | Ruling dynasty of China from 1644-1912; the Qing rulers were originally from Manchuria, which had conquered China. |
| Settler Colonies | Colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather that simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region; particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America. |
| Siberia | Russia's great frontier region, a vast territory of what is now central and eastern Russia, most of it unsuited to agriculture but rich in mineral resources and fur-bearing animals. |
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1213RachelBlair
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