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8thGr-Hist-NewRepubl
8th Grade US History - New Republic Test - Jan 2013
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protective tariff | a tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so people will buy domestic goods |
| loose construction | way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take actions that the Constitution does not specifically forbid it from taking. |
| strict construction | way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take. |
| privateers | private ships authorized by a nation to attack its enemies |
| right of deposit | right of transfer goods at a destination without having to pay fees for the cargo. |
| political parties | groups of people who organize to help elect government officials and influence government policies. |
| judicial review | The Supreme Court's power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. |
| impressment | British practice of forcing people, including U.S. citizens to serve in the British army or navy; led to increasing tensions between Great Britain and the US in the early 1800s |
| embargo | banning of trade with a country |
| Who was the 4th US President? | James Madison |
| Who was the 2nd US President? | John Adams |
| Who was the 1st US President? | George Washington |
| Who was the 3rd US President? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What is the group called that advises the president? | Cabinet |
| Who was Washington's Secretary of State? | 1789: Thomas Jefferson 1794: Edmund Randolph |
| Who was Washington's Secretary of Treasury? | Alexander Hamilton |
| What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do? | Legislation passed by Congress that created the federal court system. |
| Precedents by George Washington | Selecting a Cabinet (president picks a group of advisors to help him make decisions), "Mr. President" (it was agreed this would be a modest way to address the chief executive), only serve 2 terms, farewell address |
| How did Hamilton want to reduce the national debt? | He wanted to pay the country's foreign debt immediately and repay the full value of all bonds over time. |
| How did Hamilton convince the southern states to approve his financial plan? | The southern states rejected the plan until the nation's capitol was moved to the South which becomes Washington, D.C. |
| What did the Neutrality Proclamation say? | (1793) Statement made by President George Washington that the US would not side with any of the nations at war in Europe following the French Revolution. |
| What was the Whiskey Rebellion? | (1794) Farmers in western Pennsylvania protested tax on whiskey. Washington responded with 13,000 troops and the farmers backed down. |
| What did the Whiskey Rebellion prove? | That the new national government had the authority to enforce its laws. |
| What three warnings did Washington give in his farewell address? | do not form political parties; stay out of debt; avoid entangling alliances with Europe. |
| What were the first two political parties in the US? | Federalist and Democratic-Republicans |
| Who were the party leaders of the 1st two political parties in the US? | Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson |
| Why was the Election of 1796 regarded as a new era in US politics? | For the first time, more than one candidate was running for election, and political parties had an important role. |
| Who were the candidates and what was the outcome of the Election of 1796? | John Adams (Federalist) vs Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican Party); Adams won. |
| Explain the XYZ affair. | (1797) Incident in which French agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from US diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships; it led to an undeclared war between two countries. |
| In regards to the XYZ affair, what was meant by "millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!"? | This became the rally cry of the American people, because they wanted to protect the US from attack and refused the demands of the French bribe. |
| What were the Alien and Sedition Acts? | To silence criticism, the Federalists passed these giving the government the authority to imprison anyone considered dangerous. |
| Who did the Alien and Sedition laws mainly target? | Used against members of the Democratic-Republican party |
| Who won the Election of 1800? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What amendment was added to the Constitution as a result of the disputed election? | The 12th amendment which created a separate ballot for president and vice president. |
| What was established in Marbury v. Madison? | (1801) Court case that gave the Supreme Court the right of judicial review. |
| What is judicial review? | Gave the court the right to check acts of the president and Congress and declare them unconstitutional. |
| In what year did the U.S. buy the Lousiana Purchase? | 1803 |
| Who was the Louisiana Purchase bought from? | France |
| What body of water did the US now have full control of? | Mississippi River |
| Who did Jefferson send to explore the new lands? | Meriwether Lewis & William Clark |
| What were the results of the Lewis & Clark expedition? | learned much about western lands and paths across the Rockies, established contact with American Indians, collected scientific info on western plants & animals. |
| Who passed the Embargo Act? | Jefferson |
| What did the Embargo Act do? | prohibited trade with any other countries. |
| What did Congress replace the Embargo Act with? | Non-Intercourse Act |
| What is the difference between the Embargo Act and the Non-Intercourse Act? | One said: couldn't trade with anyone; The other said: no trade with Britain, France and their colonies. |
| Who were the War Hawks? | Members of Congress who favor war. |
| During which battle did Oliver Hazard Perry defeat the British? | Battle of Lake Erie |
| What nickname did the USS Constitution earn during its battle at sea? | "Old Ironsides" |
| What did the British burn in April 1814? | The White House and other governmental bldgs. |
| What guarded Baltimore? | Fort McHenry |
| Who is Francis Scott Key? | The writer of the Star Spangled Banner song. |
| Why did the British attack New Orleans? | In hopes to capture the city and control the Mississippi River. |
| Who was the US Commander when the British attacked New Orleans? | Andrew Jackson |
| What treaty ended the war? | Treaty of Ghent |
| What were the terms of the Treaty of Ghent? | Each nation returned the territory it had conquered. Agreed to address the remaining issues once there was peace. |
Created by:
TeresaGill@email.com
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