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Intro. Sociology
Based on the Introductory Sociology CLEP book by REA, parts 8-12
| Deviance | A departure from a norm. |
| Stigma | The mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from other members of society who regard themselves as normal. |
| Primary deviance | Behavior violating a norm. |
| Secondary deviance | The behavior that results from the social response to deviance. |
| The "conformist" | Seeks to continue the acceptance of the goals and means offered for their attainment. |
| The "innovator" | May continue to accept the goals while seeking new, and in many cases, illegitimate revenues for the attainment of these goals. |
| The "ritualist" | May make the means into and end by rejecting the culturally prescribed goals as being out of his reach. |
| The "retreat" | Rejects both the means and ends offered by society by dropping into drug use, mental illness, alcoholism, or homelessness. |
| The "rebellious" | Reject both the means and ends while seeking to replace both with alternatives, thereby changing the way society as a whole is structured. |
| Kinship | The introduction of symbolic meaning or value to actual or imagined blood ties. |
| Marriage | This social institution, found in every society, is generally seen as a social group consisting of two or more people, related by marriage, blood, or adoption, who often reside together. |
| Nuclear family | Consists of people of the opposite sex who are in a socially approved union and living with their children. |
| Extended family | A family in which the notion of consanguinity has been extended beyond the immediate family to those families who are indirectly linked by blood. |
| Patriarchy | A family in which the father is in the place of highest authority. |
| Matriarchy | A family in which the mother is in the place of highest authority. |
| Endogamy | Marriage within certain groups. |
| Exogamy | Marriage outside certain groups. |
| Monogamy | Having one spouse at a time. |
| Serial monogamy | Follows the pattern of marriage, divorce, then remarriage. |
| Polygamy | Having more than one spouse at a time. |
| Polygyny | Having more than one wife at a time. |
| Polyandry | Having more than one husband at a time. |
| Group marriage | A marriage between two or more men and two or more women. |
| Patrilocality | When newlyweds reside with the husband's extended family. |
| Matrilocality | When newlyweds reside with the wife's extended family. |
| Neolocality | When newlyweds reside in a new or separate residence. |
| Levirate | Obliges a man to marry his brother's widow or suffer disgrace. |
| Primogeniture | A transmission of property to the eldest son. |
| Utimogeniture | A transmission of property to the youngest son. |
| Division of labor | The manner in which work is divided among individuals and groups specialized in particular economic activities. |
| Capitalism | A type of economic system in which there is private ownership of the means of producing and distributing goods and services. |
| Socialism | A type of economic system in which there is public ownership of the means of producing and distributing goods and services. |
| Primary sector | Involved in the extraction of raw materials and natural resources. |
| Secondary sector | Involved in turning the raw materials acquired through primary production onto the manufactured goods we use, such as furniture, cars, and homes. |
| Tertiary (or service) sector | Involved in providing services in such areas as health, education, safety, and entertainment. |
| The barter system | Consists of the direct exchange of some goods or services for others judged to be of equivalent value. |
| Free-market system | A system of exchanging goods and services in which value is determined by supply and demand. |
| Traditional authority | Based on long-held and sacred customs. |
| Rational-legal authority | Stems from within the framework of a body of laws that have been duly enacted. |
| Charismatic authority | Based on the extraordinary, uncanny, and supernatural powers or abilities that have been associated with a certain person. |
| Authoritarian government | A form of government in which rulers tolerate little to no opposition to their authority. |
| Totalitarian government | A form of government in which there are in principle no recognizable limits to authority that rulers are willing to acknowledge. |
| Democratic government | A form of government in which authority ultimately lies with the people, whose participation in government is considered a right. |
| Political party | An organization seeking to gain control of government through legitimate means. |
| Interest group | A group or organization seeking to influence political decisions that may affect their members. |
| Religion | A theory, creed, or body of dogma that seeks to comprehend the universe and man's place in it, God or the gods, as well as the supernatural realm. |
| Religions have been linked with: | codes of ethics, personality, historical condition, theodicy |
| Sacred | The sphere of ideas, activities, persons, objects, abilities, and experiences hat have been deemed holy, divine, supernatural, or mystical and, hence, unalterable. |
| Profane | The visceral sphere of objects, persons, and behaviors capable of being understood and of being altered. |
| Cult | A small group of followers surrounding a charismatic religious leader. |
| Sect | Does not depend on the kind of personal inspiration offered by a charismatic leader for its continuity. |
| Church | Some claim universal membership over those born into it, and they can only leave it through expulsion. |
| World religion | Is understood as "a system of life regulation" capable of attracting a multitude of constituents. |
Created by:
mjalldrin
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