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ss early humans
beginnings of civilization vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| culture | a society's knowledge, art, beliefs, customs, and values |
| artifacts | objects that people in the past made or used, such as coins, pottery, and tools |
| Mary Leakey | anthropologist who, in 1959, found skull fragments in East Africa that were more than 1.75 million years old; the skull was from an Australopithecine |
| hominid | humans and early human-like beings that walked upright; bipedal |
| Donald Johanson | anthropologist who, in 1974 in Ethiopia, found a partial Australopithecine skeleton, which he named Lucy |
| Louis Leakey | anthropologist who, in 1959, found a hominid fossil in Olduvai Gorge (in Tanzania); it was a new species, Homo habilis, which appeared 2.4 million years ago in Africa |
| Paleolithic Era | the first part of the Stone Age; lasted from around 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago |
| nomads | people who live moving from place to place, following migrating animal herds |
| hunter-gatherers | people who hunted, fished, and gathered wild plants, berries, and other things for food |
| animism | the belief that all things in nature have spirits |
| Neolithic Era | New Stone Age; came after Paleolithic Era, lasted from around 8000 BCE to around 3000 BCE; defined by several advances in tool-making |
| Neolithic Revolution | the shift from people living as nomads, hunting and gathering, to farmers |
| domestication | the selective growing or breeding of plants and animals to make them more useful to humans |
| pastoralists | people who ranged over wide areas and kept herds of livestock on which they depended for food and other items |
| megaliths | huge stones; monuments; often for burial or spiritual purposes |
| Bronze Age | period in which people began to make tools out of bronze |
| surplus | excess |
| division of labor | the economic arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job |
| traditional economy | economy in which economic decisions are made based on custom, tradition, or ritual |
| civilization | a complex and organized society |
| artisans | skilled craftspeople |
| cultural diffusion | the spread of ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology from one culture to another |
Created by:
bowtiecat11
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