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1st 9 wk Sci. ch. 3
Science 1st 9 wk ch. 3 (Haggard/7th gr)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Element | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| Compound | when two or more elements combine chemically |
| Organic Compound | any compound that contains the element carbon |
| Selectively Permeable Membrane | Some substances can pass through this kind of membrane, while other substances cannot pass through. |
| Diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; it is the main method by which small molecules move across the cell membrane |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of WATER molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Passive Transport | the movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without using cellular energy (ex. diffusion and osmosis) |
| Active Transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane USING cellular energy |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which a cell captures energy from sunlight and uses it to make food |
| Respiration | the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose; cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain |
| Chlorophyll | the main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts (green color) |
| Fermentation | an energy-releaseing process that does not require oxygen (some single-celled organisms live where there is no oxygen, such as deep in the ocean or in the mud in swamps, and they obtain energy this way |
| Mitosis | the stage during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei |
| Why is water important for a cell? | Most chemical reactions in cells require water. |
| What important role do enzymes play? | They speed up chemical reactions. |
| How does photosynthesis help heterotrophy? | It creates food they can eat. |
| How are photosynthesis and respiration related? | They have opposite equations. Together, these two processes keep the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere fairly constant. |
| Explain what occurs during each of th two stages of photosynthesis. p. 88-89 | 1.) Chloroplasts in plant cells capture energy from sunlight. 2.) The captured light energy is used to produce sugars and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide. |
| Explain what occurs during each stage of respiration. | 1.) In cytoplasm, glucose is broken down into smaller molecules and a small amount of energy is released. 2.) In mitochondria, the smaller molecules combine with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. This reaction releases a large amount of energy. |
| Describe a DNA molecule. (How is it shaped? What makes up each rung of the DNA ladder?) | It is spiral-shaped, like a spiral staircase. The rungs consist of pairs of nitrogen bases: A-T and C-G. |
| What is copied during DNA replication? | the cell's DNA |
| Study the comparison chart of photosynthesis and respiration. | |
| Cell Wall | provides shape and protection; found in plant cells only |
| Cell Membrane | separates cell from environment, and controls what enters and leaves; found in plant and animal cells |
| Nucleus | controls cellular activities, and this is where the chromosomes are located; found in plant and animal cells |
| Nucleolus p.62 | site where ribosomes are made; found in plant and animal cells |
| Cytoplasm | jelly-like substance that holds other organelles in cell, and this is the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; found in plant and animal cells |
| Mitochondria | provides energy for cell; found in plant and animal cells |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | transports liquids, proteins, and other materials through the cel; found in plant and animal cells |
| Ribosomes | produce proteins; found in plant and animal cells |
| Golgi bodies | receive proteins and other materials and packages them for storage or transport; found in plant and animal cells |
| Chloroplasts | capture sunlight for energy used to produce food through photosynthesis; found in plant cells only |
| Vacuoles | store and transport substances like food, water, and waste; found in plant and animal cells |
| Lysosomes | store enzymes, and used to break down large molecules, cell parts, and even whole cells; found in plant and animal cells |
| Photosynthesis | occurs in chloroplasts (with chlorophyll) energy is captured, raw materials are water and carbon dioxide, end products are glucose and oxygen, |
| Respiration | occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria, energy is released, raw materials are glocuose and oxygen, end products are water and carbon dioxide |
| photosynthesis chemical equation | Carbon dioxide + water + light energy -->glucose + oxygen |
| respiration chemical equation | glucose + oxygen -->carbon dioxide + water + energy |
Created by:
hudsonl
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