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Psych Final Ch 4
Ch 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central nervous system (CNS) | the largest part of the nervous system, made up of the brain and the spinal cord |
| Spinal Cord | a collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back |
| Peripheral nervous system (PNS) | all portions of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord; includes sensory and motor nerves; handles the central nervous system’s input and output |
| Sensory nerves | nerves that ell if something is painful, smooth, rough, etc. |
| Motor nerves | neurons located in the central nervous system that project their axons outside the CNS and directly or indirectly control muscles |
| Autonomic nervous system | regulates glands, blood vessels, internal organs |
| Sympathetic nervous system | mobilizes body for action, energy output |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | conserves energy, maintains quiet state |
| Structure of a neuron | the brain’s communication specialists, transmitting information to, from, and within the central nervous system |
| Dendrites | receive information from other neurons and transmit toward the cell body |
| Cell body | keeps neurons alive and determines whether it will fire |
| Axon | extending fiber that conducts impulses away from the cell body and transmits to other cells |
| Synaptic cleft | the space between the cell body and axon |
| Synapse | where the neuron is transmitted |
| Action potential | the lay a central role in cell-to-cell communication |
| Neurotransmitter | chemical released by a transmitting neuron at the synapse and capable of affecting the activity of a receiving neuron |
| Plasticity | the brain’s ability to change and adapt in response to experience—for example, by reorganizing or growing new neural connections |
| Endorphins | proteins that, when released, cause a sense of well-being |
| Hormones | regulate growth, metabolism, sexual development, behavior, and other functions |
| Melatonin | regulate daily biological rhythms |
| Adrenal hormones | involved in emotions and stress; cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine |
| Sex Hormones | regulate development and functioning of reproductive organs; androgens, estrogens, and progesterone |
| Oxytocin | a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, that simulates uterine contractions during childbirth, facilitates the ejection of milk during nursing, and seems to promote, in both sexes, attachment and trust in relationships |
| Vasopressin | hormone responsible for regulating the body’s retention of water by acting to increase water absorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney nephron |
| Cortisol | a steroid hormone that is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids; it’s used to increase blood sugar, suppress the immune system, and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism |
| Epinephrine | also known as adrenaline, is a hormone in the body |
| Norepinephrine | a hormone and a neurotransmitter; it acts as a neurotransmitter released from sympathetic neurons affecting the heart. It increases the rate of contractions |
| Structures of the human brain (all as discussed in textbook/ lecture) | Currently undefined |
| Hemispheres of the brain | Currently Undefined |
| Corpus callosum | millions of myelinated axons connecting the brain’s hemispheres; provides a pathway for communication; if surgically severed to treat epilepsy, hemispheres cannot communicate directly |
| Lateralization | specialization of the two cerebral hemispheres for particular operations |
| Split brain surgery | a procedure which has shown that nearly all right-handed and the majority of left-handed individuals process language mainly in the left hemisphere |
Created by:
lygordon
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