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JK- Hacker Science
Final Vocab. Stack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism | stimulus |
| the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment | homeostasis |
| reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite producing offspring that show traits of both parents | sexual reproduction |
| reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring identical to itself | assexual reproduction |
| the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring | heredity |
| the sum of all chemical processes that occur in organisms | metabolism |
| an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings | producer |
| an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter | consumer |
| an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and absorbing the nutrients | decomposer |
| a molecule that is made up of amino acids that is needed to build and repair body structure and to regulate processes in the body. | protein |
| a class of energy giving nutrients that include sugars starches and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen | carbohydrate |
| a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; fats are lipids | lipid |
| a lipid that contains phosphorous and is a structural component of cell membrane | phospholipid |
| adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes | ATP |
| in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes, cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm | cell |
| a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and its environment | cell membrane |
| one of the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that perform specialized functions | organelle |
| in a eukaryote cell, a membrane bound organelle that contains DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism and reproduction | nucleus |
| an organism that consists of a single cell that doesn't have a nucleus | prokaryote |
| an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane; eukaryotes include plants, animals and fungi but not bacteria | eukaryote |
| a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to a cell | cell wall |
| cell organelle composed of RNA and protein, site of protein synthesis | ribosome |
| a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production and processing and transport of protein and the production of lipids | endoplasmic reticulum |
| in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and is the cite of cellular respiration | mitrochondrion |
| cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell | Golgi complex |
| a small cavity or sack that contains material in an eukaryotic cell | vesicle |
| a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes | lysome |
| a group of similar cells that perform a common function | tissue |
| a collection of tissue that carry on a specialized function of the body | organ |
| a group of organs that work together to perform body functions | organ system |
| a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently | organism |
| the arrangements of parts of an organism | structure |
| the special, normal proper activity of an organ or part | function |
| the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density | diffusion |
| the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane | osmosis |
| the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell | passive transport |
| the movement of substances across a cell membrane with the use of energy by the cell | active transport |
| the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle in a vesicle to bring it to the cell | endocytosis |
| the process in which a paricle is released by creating a vessicle that fuses with the cell membrane to release it | exocytosis |
| the process by which plants, algae and some bacteria use sunlight, CO2 and H2O to make food | photosynthesis |
| the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food | cellular respiration |
| the breakdown of food without oxygen | fermentation |
| life cycle of a cell | cell cycle |
| in a eukaryotic cell one of the structures in a nucleus that are make of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA | chromosome |
| chromosmes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure | homologous chromosome |
| in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes | mitosis |
| the division of cytoplasm in a cell | cytokinesis |
| The division of organisms into groups or classes based on specific characteristis | classification |
| the science of describing, naming and classifying organisms | taxonomy |
| an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to a series of questions | dichotomous key |
| a kingdom made up of bacteria that live in extreme environments | Archaebacteria |
| a kingdom that consists of all prokaryotes except archaebacteria | Eubacteria |
| a kingdom of mostly one celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi | Protista |
| a kingdom of nongreen eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients | Fungi |
| a kingdom made up of complex multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulos, cannot move around and use the sun's energy to make sugar through photo synthesis | Plantae |
| a kingdom made-up of complex multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around and respond to their environment | Animalia |
| the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring | heredity |
| the trait observed or the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred | dominant trait |
| a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred | recessive trait |
| one set of instructions for an inherited trait | gene |
| one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color | allele |
| an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic | phenotype |
| the entire genetic makeup of an organism, also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits | genotype |
| the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event | probability |
| chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure | homologous chromosome |
| a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the cell forming sex cells | meiosis |
| one pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of a person | sex chromosome |
| a diagram that shows the occurence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family | pedigree |
Created by:
jklei
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