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Chapter Ten FC
Chapter 10 Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What patterns did the Byzantium continue from the Roman Empire? | roads, military, centralized bureaucracy and laws |
| Who did Byzantium continue to fight with? | Persia and later the Muslims |
| What were divergences of the Byzantium and Roman Empire? | a new gov system and the idea of combining the Church and the state. |
| How was the Byzantium's gov different than Rome's gov? | it let individual generals raise their own armies to protect land. |
| What was the idea of combining the Church and state called? | caesaropapism |
| How were the Eastern Orthodox church and the Roman Catholic Church different? | EO was connected with gov, Catholic was independent |
| The Byzantine Church (EO) was more urban, so... | the Catholic Church was more diverse. |
| Who made up the Catholic Church? | Germans, Celts and Indians |
| Who was the founder of Constantinople? | Consantine which split Rome |
| After Rome (west) fell what happened to the Byzantine Empire? | it stayed together |
| What advantages did the Byzantine Empire have? | richer, more urban, access to Med. Sea and Black Sea, better army, smaller-easier to rule, tight political authority, ect. |
| Who represented God in the Byzantine Empire? | the emperor |
| What was the Byzantine Empire all about? | collecting taxes and keeping order |
| What happened to the Byzantine Empire after 1085? | it shrank bc it was invaded by Catholic Crusaders and Turkic Muslims |
| How was EO Christianity differnet from Roman Catholicism? | Catholic Church was mostly independent from state, while the Byz Emperor was the Ceaser which was the pope and the head of state |
| What languages were used on the EO and RC? | EO-Greek RC-Latin |
| What did Byzantine thinkers want to formulate Chirstian doctrine in? | terms of Greek philosophical concepts. |
| How do the two churches see the Holy Spirit as? | EO- says Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father RC- says it proceeds from the Father and Son |
| What do Byzantium peope pray to as a "prayer boost"? | icons which are pictures of saints and holy figures |
| Characteristics of the priests in each church? | EO- priests had long hair and beards and could not marry RC-couldn't marry, shaved their heads, and remained celibate |
| Politically, how was the Byzantine Empire linked to a wider world? | contionued the long term struggle with the Persian Empire. |
| Economically, how did the Byz Empire link to the wider world? | a central player in long distance trade of Eurasia |
| Who was the Byz Empire commerically linked to? | Western Europe, Russia, Central Asia, the Islamic World and China |
| Culturally, how was the Byz Empire linked to the wider world? | preserved Greek learning and transmitted classical heritage to Islamic world and the Christian West |
| Who did the Byzantine's religious culture spread widely to? | Slavic speaking people in the Balkans and Russia |
| What led to the 1054 Schism? | Byz emperor rivialed pope for power, 2 very diff cultures, language, philosphy, church practices, Crusades pressing Constantinople |
| How long did the Catholic Church take over Constantinople? | for 50 years at one time |
| Who was Cyril and Methodius? | 2 EO missionaries |
| what did they do? | developed Greek alphabet that could write Slavic languages |
| what did this lead to? | led to the Bible and other religous texts to be converted easier. |
| What religions did Prince Vladmir consider before actually choosing Byzantium? | Judaism, Islam, Roman Catholicism, and Greek Orthodoxy |
| Why did Prince Vladmir reject Islam? | bc it prohibited alcholic drink and "drinking is the joy of the Ruses" |
| What did Kievan Rus borrow from Byzantium? | architectural styles, Cryllic alphabet, and icons |
| What political and religous aspects did Kievan Rus borrow from Byzantium? | ideas of imperial control of the Church and a monastic tradition stressing prayer and service |
| Why did Russia proclaim the doctrine of the "third Rome"? | 1. Rome betrayed Christianity 2.Constantinople was over taken by Muslims 3. Moscow would be protector of the correct "Orthodox" Christianity. |
| What is the Russians taking over Eastern Orthodoxy known as? | Russification |
| When did the Roman Empire collapse? | in 476 CE |
| What happened to trade outside of Italy after the collapse of the Roman Empire? | long distance trade dried up |
| What happened to trade in Rome? | the roads started deteriorating |
| What happened to the money exchanging during trade in Western Europe after the Roman Empire collapsed? | money gave way to barter in many places |
| What disadvantages of trade declining cause in Western Europe? | decline in literacy, pop drop 25% and it became more rural |
| What replaced the Roman order in Western Europe? | the Feudal System Vassals-Knights Serfs-peasants |
| Who controlled the land in Western Europe? | kings and vassals (the vasslals got the land from the kings) |
| What did the vassals do with the land once they got it from the kings? | they would protect the land for the king in exchange |
| Vassals didnt want to work the land so what did they do? | they made a deal with the serfs (peasants) |
| What was the deal between the vassals and the serfs? | the serfs work the land for crops, give the crops to the vassals to sell and use in exchange for the privelege to live on the land. |
| What influenced the Feudal System in Western Europe? | Roman slavery |
| What was this system sort of like? | a "trust the slaves" mentality |
| What did Western europe keep many of? | Roman laws |
| What did some try to do but did not work? | to get something like the Roman Empire again like Charlemagne's (France and Germany) and Saxony (Germany) |
| Who was Charlemagne? | the first Holy Roman Emperor |
| What does Charlemagne mean? | Charles the Great |
| When was Charlemagne made emperor? | On Christmas Day year 800 |
| What countries did he unite? | France, Germany and Italy |
| What did everybody think it was that Charlemagne was doing? | the new Roman Empire, but it soon split up |
| What did China and the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) have in common? | they both got wealthy and peole said it lost its way. |
| Like Buddhism what did the citizens of RCC do? | followed their rulers into the Church |
| Like Buddhism, how did RCC spread? | it spreaded due to stories of miracles |
| What else did Buddhism and RCC have in common as far as answering prayers? | healing, rainfall, fertility and victory in battle |
| How did RCC deal with the range of earlier cultural practices, with regards to the conversion of Western Europe to Christianity? | they adapted a lot of things to fit with the pagan ideas |
| What did amulets and charms have pictures of on them? | of Jesus and Mary |
| Where were the churches? | on sacred pagan places to make the pagans see the church as holy. |
| Why was December 25th chosen for Christmas? | to keep pagans from partying on the Winter Solstice in the 300s |
| What was like a hybrid? | the spreading Christian faith and the new politcal framework of European civilizations |
| Years after 1000 are considered...? | the High Middle Ages |
| How did European civilizations change after 1000? | pop increase, more long distance trade, trading centers, towns grew back (merchants, doctors and scholars)and guilds began to form |
| what are guilds? | local organizations of workers with a goal to promote the profession to the gov and the community |
| What new opportunities were women offered between the 11th and 13th centuries? | they wove, milled, became mid wifes, laundered clothes, prosituted and could also become nuns. |
| What changed in women opportunities in the 15th century? | women's guilds were gone and they couldnt join men's guilds, men ran brothels, lost technology, animals began grain mills, and large looms which were to heavy for women |
| This changing of women's opportunities in the 15th century was like what? | China with the silk industry |
| What impact did the Crusades have on European economies? | missionaries, travelers, merchants traveled as far as India, China and Mongolia by 1300s |
| What did traveleing lead to as far as the economy? | limited but prolonged global trade |
| What is a Crusade? | a war that God told me to fight, Pope authorized it and gave indulgences to fighters. They could use indulgences for themselves or dead people they liked |
| What were the most famous crusades aimed at doing? | taking back Jerusalem and the holy places associated with Jesus from Islamic control and returning them to Christendom |
| What did the Crusades win back? | 4 small Christian areas in Israel and Turkey, but they lost them pretty quick |
| Other Crusades? | Spain (Iberian Penninsula) Constantinople/Istanbul (Turkey) Russia Didnt really change Middle East |
| How did the Crusades change Western Europe? | gave pope super control, cutural barriers stronger, opened contact w/ world. |
| What did Europe take from Arabs, Greeks and Indians bc of the Crusades? | scientific, philosophical and mathematical concepts also found old Greek texts that Arabs preserved |
| What did the Europeans get from China bc of the Crusades? | paper, gunpowder, and horse use |
| What did the Crusades do for Europe by the 1500s? | caught them up with the rest of the world |
| What did the Muslims think Europeans were? | barbarians |
| What did Europeans say "God's Will" was during the crusading notion? | building empires, especially in the Americas. |
| How could leaders get anything they wanted or do anything they wanted? | they just said that "God said it was alright" |
| By 1500, what had Europe done? | caught up with and even surpassed China and the Islamic world. |
| What were some ag technological breakthroughs that Europe got from China and Islam? | heavy wheeled plows, horseshoes, horse collar, and three field crop rotation. |
| What were some war and sea technological breakthroughs that Europe got from China and Islam? | gunpowder to use for cannons, magnetic compass, and stern post rudder from China, lateen sail (triangle) from the Arabs |
| Why didnt Europe achieve political unity that China experienced? | it had tons of conflicts between states and wasnt a strong empire like China, didnt have geographic barriers or ethnic diversity. |
| What impact did this have on the history of the European multi centered political system? | shifted power from different states rising and falling |
| How did the struggle among the elites elevate the European urban based merchant class? | since kings, warrior aristocrates and the Church were always fighting, the merchants got a lot of power w/o a lot of fight. |
| What did the struggle among the elites do? | it made laws and appointed officials more important than merchants |
| What came around 1700? | led the merchants to get richer and more powerful and it led to *capitlism. |
| How does Europe's merchant class compare to China's merchant class? | landowners and officials were much more important than merchants |
| What did Chinese gov control? | salt and iron industries and limited most things the merchants did |
| Who was Thomas Aquinas? | 13th century theologian that thoroughly integrated Aristotle's ideas into a logical and systematic presentation of Christian doctrine. |
| What did Thomas Aquinas do around the year 1000? | brought univerisities and intellectual life |
| What did Aquinas apply reason to? | medicine, law, and nature |
| Who found Aristotle's books and other things? | the Arabs and they shared them with Europe |
| What was Thomas' foundation of the universities? | Aristotle's view of logic and reason |
| How did the Byzantines handle all of the Aristotleism? | Byzantium focused mainly on antiquity works of humanities, not phioloshies, they didnt really trust the pagan ancient Greeks |
| How did the Muslims handle all of the Arisotleism? | they were really into it, but it challenged their faith and as they grew more powerful, they dropped Greek philosophy all together |
Created by:
1213meganhouk
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