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Ch10: Christendom

Chapter 10 Europe Christendom

Question	Answer
What happened to the classical Roman Empire when it fell?	One part became the Byzantium empire.
What did the Byzantium Empire keep from the Roman Empire?	They continued the roads, military, centralized bureaucracy, and laws.
The Roman's fought with ____ and the _____, and the Byzantium Empire continued this fight.	Persia and the Muslims.
What was different in the Byzantium Empire versus the Roman Empire?	The Byzantium had a new government system that let generals raise their own armies to protect land.
What was caesaropapism?	A Byzantium idea that combined the head of the Church and the state.
The Byzantine Church was connected with the government while the Roman Catholic Church was...	independent.
The Byzantine Church was more...	urban.
How was the Catholic Church diverse?	It included the Germans, Celts, and Italians.
Who started the Byzantine Empire?	Constantine, who founded Constantinople and split Rome.
The Byzantine Empire was ____ and more _____.	Richer and more urban.
What made the Byzantine Empire easier to rule?	It was smaller, had a better army, and had tight political authority.
What seas were closest to the Byzantine Empire?	The Black and Mediterranean Sea.
The Byzantine Empire was all about...	collecting taxes and keeping order.
Who invaded the Byzantine Empire after 1085?	Catholic Crusaders and Turkic Muslims.
What all was the Byzantine Emperor called?	"The Caesar", the pope, and head of the state.
When the church became part of the government The Caesar could do what?	Whatever he wished to do with it.
Was there a language difference between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church?	The Eastern Orthodox Church was Greek and the Catholic Church was Latin.
Byzantine thinkers sought to formulate what?	Christian doctrine in terms of Greek philosophical concepts.
Byzantine disagreed with what?	The trinity, and the difference of faith and reasons and icons.
What did the Eastern Orthodox say about the trinity?	That the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father.
What did the Catholic Church say about the trinity?	That the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son.
What was the difference between Eastern Orthodox priests and Catholic priests?	Eastern Orthodox priests had long hair and beards and could marry. Catholic priests couldn't marry, shaved their heads and remained celibate.
In what political ways was the Byzantine empire linked to a wider world?	The military.
In what economic ways was the Byzantine empire linked to a wider world?	They were a central player in the long-distance trade of Eurasia.
In what cultural ways was the Byzantine empire linked to a wider world?	They preserved ancient Greek learning and their culture spread widely among Slavic-speakers in the Balkans and Russia.
What led to the 1054 Schism?	The Byzantine Emperor rivaled the Pope for power.
How were the two cultures very different?	Their language, philosophy, and church practices were different .
What else led to the 1054 Schism?	The crusades that pressed on Constantinople.
Who were Cyril and Methodius?	Eastern Orthodox missionaries.
What did Cyril and Methodius do?	They developed an alphabet based on Greek that could write Slavic languages.
The alphabet developed by Cyril and Methodius led to what?	It led to the Bible and other religious texts to be converted easier.
Who was Prince Vladimir?	A Russian prince.
What religion did Prince Vladimir chose?	Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
Why did Prince Vladimir not chose Islam?	Prohibited the drinking of alcohol.
What cultural ideas did Kievan Rus borrow from Byzantium?	Architectural styles and the Cyrillic alphabet.
What religious ideas did Kievan Rus borrow from Byzantium?	Use of icons and stressing prayer and service.
What political ideas did Kievan Rus borrow from Byzantium?	Imperial control of the church.
What was the "first Rome" and what happened to it?	Rome, who betrayed Christianity.
What was the "second Rome" and what happened to it?	Constantinople, which was taken over by Muslims. (Now Istanbul.)
What was the "third Rome" and what happened to it?	Moscow, and they had Orthodox Christianity.
What happened after the collapse of the Roman Empire?	There was a decline in literacy, a population drop of 25%, and it became more rural.
What happened to trade outside of Italy after the collapse of the Roman Empire?	Long-distance trade dried up as Roman roads deteriorated.
What replaced the Roman order in Western Europe?	Regional kingdoms and warlords.
Who tried to create something like the Roman Empire?	Charlemagne, who united parts of France, Germany, and Italy, but it eventually failed.
What took hold in Western Europe?	The Feudal System.
The vassals (knights) got land from the kings, how?	If they promised to protect it.
What did the knights do with the land?	They got peasants (serfs) to work the land for crops.
What did the serfs do with the crops?	They gave them to the vassals to sell and use in exchange for the privilege to live on the land.
WHO WAS CHARLEMAGNE ANYWAY??	The first Holy Roman Emperor aka Charles the Great. He was made emperor on Christmas day, 800 C.E.
Economically, how were the Roman Catholic Church and Buddhist monasteries in China alike?	They both got wealthy and people said that lost their way.
Based on the government, how were the Roman Catholic Church and Buddhist monasteries in China alike?	The citizens follow their rulers into whatever their religion is.
How did the Roman Catholic Church and Buddhism in China spread?	Stories of miracles spread, which made them attractive to more people.
How did the Roman Catholics deal with non Christians?	They adapted things that fit in with pagan ideas.
What does the term 'pagan' mean?	Non Christian.
In what ways did the Christians adapt to pagan ideas?	Amulets and charms had pictures of Jesus and Mary on them. Built churches on sacred pagan places to make the church seem holy.
Why did the Roman Catholics chose Christmas as December 25th?	To keep pagans from partying on the Winter Solstice. "Hey guys will you stop drinking for a couple hours so we can celebrate the birth of Jesus?"
What happened in the Europe after 1000?	The High Middle Ages.
How did European civilizations grow and transform in the high middle ages?	Population increase, long-distance trade, and towns grew back.
What was the government and town life like in the high middle ages of Europe?	The towns were filled with merchants, doctors, and scholars. Guilds began to form.
What are guilds?	Local organizations of workers with a goal to promote their profession to the government and the community.
It's between the 11th and 13th centuries, what are those wild women doing?	Not much.
But really what are those women doing?	Weaving, brewing, milling, mid-wife-ing, washing clothes, and being prostitutes.
While some women between the 11th and 13th centuries were selling sexual favours for currency those less talented, fat and ugly gals were doing what?	Being nuns. Celibacy for life.
In the 15th century, what happened for women?	All of those good ole' jobs they had were kind of taken away.
What jobs were taken away from women?	Women didn't have guilds and could not join men's guilds. They lost a lot of work to technology and animals (WHAT?).
Why did the women get jipped out of weaving?	"Those looms are way to heavy for you ladies. Let us take them." -15th century gay men
What led to Europe becoming globally aware?	The Crusades.
By the 1300s, how had Europe become more globally aware?	The missionaries, travelers, and merchants.
What was an impact the Crusades had on European economies?	Global trade.
So...what's a crusade?	A war that god told me to fight.
So the pope and crusades? They have a deal or something?	Yes, the pope authorized the war and gave indulgences to those who fought.
What are indulgences?	A piece of paper that says when you die, you can get out of purgatory (most Catholics go there) for a certain amount of years.
Why were the Crusades going on?	To take back Jerusalem and the holy places of Jesus from the Muslims. (AND WE WOULD'VE GOTTEN AWAY WITH IT TOO IF IT WEREN'T FOR THOSE MEDDLING MUSLIMS AND MUHAMMAD.)
During the Crusades, what did the Christians get back?	Four small Christian areas in Israel and Turkey.
What happened to those areas the Christians won back?	The Muslims took over them again.
Where else did the Crusades take place?	Spain, Constantinople/Istanbul, and Russia.
How did the Crusades change Europe?	It opened Europe's contact with the larger world.
How did the Crusades change the religions in Europe?	It gave the popes super-control. They took scientific, philosophical, and mathematical concepts from Arabs, Greeks, and Indians.
Due to the Crusades, what inventions did the Europeans get from China?	Paper, gunpowder, and horses.
In the long term, the crusading movement by Western Europeans ___ ___ bring the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christian churches closer together.	did not
The crusading notion was used by the Europeans later to do what?	Build a European empire, especially in the Americas.
Why was it okay for the European leaders to take over everyone in the Americas?	God said it was "aiight".
By 1500, ______ had caught up with, and in some areas, surpassed ______ and the _____.	By 1500, Europe had caught up with, and in some areas, surpassed China and the Islams.
What were some technological breakthroughs in agricultural in Europe?	heavy-wheeled plow, horseshoes, horse collar, and three-field crop rotation.
What were some technological breakthroughs in the arts of war/sea in Europe?	Gunpowder to use in cannons, the magnetic compass, stern-post rudder, and lateen sail.
Why was Europe unable to achieve the kind of political unity that China experienced?	Geographical barriers and ethnic/linguistic diversity.
Europe never became....	a strong empire like China.
How did the struggle among the elites elevate the European urban-based merchant class?	They had a lot of independence, which led them to get richer and more powerful.
Due to the merchants getting richer and more powerful, what did it lead to in the 1700s?	Capitalism
Why did the merchants have all this independence in the first place?	In Europe, since kings, warrior aristocrats and the Church were always fighting, merchants got a lot of power without a lot of fight.
Compare European merchants to Chinese merchants.	In China, landowners and officials were more important then merchants. The government limited most things the merchants could do while also controlling industries like salt and iron.
Who was the 13th century theologian that thoroughly integrated Aristotle's idea into a logical and systematic presentation of Christian doctrine?	Thomas Aquinas
Where did Thomas Aquinas work?	A university that played heavily on intellectual life.
Who found some important philosopher's books, such as the works of Aristotle?	The Arabs, who shared the books with Europe.
How did the Byzantines handle the views of Aristotle?	They focused mainly on antiquity works of humanities.
Who did the Byzantines not trust?	The Greeks.
How did the Muslims handle the views of Aristotle?	They were in to it, but it challenged their faith.
What was a factor that left the western part of the Roman Empire more vulnerable to collapse than the eastern half at the end of the fourth century C.E.?	The western portion possessed a much less easily defended capital, had a longer frontier to defend than the eastern portion, and possessed a weaker army and navy.
So the western portion of the Roman Empire was _____________ than its eastern counterpart.	far less wealthy
In the seventh century C.E., the Byzantine Empire lost large swaths of its territory along the coast of North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean to...	Arab forces.
The rapid expansion of the Islamic/Arab empire included what?	The conquest ofl Byzantine territories.
What happened after these Islamic/Arab conquests over Byzantine?	A more compact Byzantine Empire survived and remained a major force in the eastern Mediterranean until roughly 1200.
Even after the collapse of the Roman Empire, much that was classical or Roman persisted in Western Europe because	the Germanic peoples who conquered the region had already been Romanized.
Even after the collapse of the Roman Empire, much that was classical or Roman persisted in Western Europe because	despite the Germans bringing their own culture with them, the prestige of things Roman remained high.
Even after the collapse of the Roman Empire, much that was classical or Roman persisted in Western Europe because	some ambitious Germanic leaders hoped to reconstruct the Roman Empire under their own rule.
What was a long-term impact of the Crusades?	The Crusades led to Western Christendom conquering the Muslim regions of the Iberian Peninsula.
Did the Crusades to the Holy Hand have a long or short term political impact?	It had little long-term political impact.
Unlike the Orthodox Church in Byzantium with its practice of caesaropapism, the Roman Catholic Church....	maintained a degree of independence that served to check the power of kings and lords.

Created by: 1213RachelBlair

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