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unit 4 term-effect
APUSH Jacksonian era
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Seneca Falls Convention | It lead to the American Womens Sufferage movement and eventually sufferage in 1920 |
| nullification | It led to the Nullification Crisis in 1832 when the State of south carolina tried Nulify a federal under Andrew Jackson's presidency |
| Trail of Tears | It caused debates by some over whether a president had the power to force Natives out, and contributed to conflicts over federal government's power over state legistlatures. |
| Dorothea Dix | Hospitals for the insane were built in 15 states, and many other states improved the supervision of their penitentiaries, asylums and poor houses. |
| Force Act (1833) | Forced South Carolina to give up on the nullification ordinance. South Carolina did not secede from the Union. |
| Lucretia Mott | raised awareness of slavery, led to abolition and to improved rights for women. |
| compact theory | More heated sectionalism debate, divisions in common Constitutional interpretations, more justification of States' Rights |
| Brigham Young | The state of Deseret, a Mormon community where they could freely practice their religion and live freely under their own rules, was founded. |
| Specie Circular | It served to curb inflation and land speculation but did so in such a sudden and drastic way that it helped precipitate the financial panic of 1837. |
| John C. Calhoun | Political split between southerners and northerners due to the issue of the annexation of Texas |
| spoils system/rotation in office | Jackson's political party, the Democrats, gained much power in Government |
| Mexican Cession | the U.S army was able to defeat the mexican army later resulting to the new mexico province goign to the U.S leading to a 20% increase in size |
| Oregon Territory | The United states didn't wish to go to war with Britain, though having land that went all the way to Russia's claim of Alaska would have been a great add to the Union. The two countries eventually made a comprimise, stated in the Oregon treated that the U |
| National Banking Act | The act eventually forced all non-federal currency from circulation, as well as create the need for demand deposit accounts in the banks, and exponential increase the number of national banks to over 1,600 by late 1866. |
| Bank war | The National Bank never regained its charter after the President's supporters accused Biddle of deliberately causing economic panic. However, Jackson's policies were opposed by Senate members including Henry Clay. As a result some people no longer truste |
| Gadsden Purchase | One of the effects of the Gadsen purchase from Mexico was new land added to the United States that was approximately the size of Scotland. Another effect of the Gadsen purchase was an increase in the area that was annexed during the Mexican cession. |
| Cyrus McCormick | The mechanical reaper reduced the amount of people it took to work on the farm and the time it took to harvest wheat. Due to the mechanical reaper, not as many workers are needed on the farm and unused farmers went to work in the cities in factories. |
| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | Because of all this new southern land many political problems arose, like wether California was going to be a slave state or not, and all the new southern states upset the balance of power between the North and South. |
| John Slidell | Slidell told President Polk that troops neede to be sent to the (US) border, which seemed as an invasion to Mexico. |
| Neal Dow | He convinced the Maine governor John Hubbard to pass a bill of temperance for Maine when he was the mayor of Portland, but then he had the Maine prohibition laws repealed because of his actions during the Portland Rum Riot. In the Civil War, he was a part |
| Independent Treasury | As the independent treasury grew in value due to taxation of specie, the circulation of hard money was brought down as credit tightened and ultimately trade and expansion were restricted. |
| American Anti-slavery Society | The American Abolitionist society served as a catalyst for women's rights movements, as many of the major petitioners and contributors of the Abolitionist movement were women. |
| Second Great Awakening | increased church membership, especially for Baptists and Methodists. Increased activity in reform movements. |
| John Deere | The advance in agriculture gave more economic strength to the northern states. It also lead to more profitable farming. |
| Irish immigration | After the influx of these people, Americans and the immigrants were at competition for jobs, making the Americans dislike these immigrants. Another reason for their hatred toward the immigrants was because of their Catholic religion threatening their own |
| Maine Laws | After Maine passed this law, eleven other states followed suit by passing similar laws. |
| Removal of Deposits | There was a shift from national banking to deposit banking via state banks. |
| Mexican-American War | After the United States victory, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo declared that New Mexico and California would be a part of the Unites States, the Rio Grande established the Mexican border, and Mexicans already living in the Texas/NM/CA area would become |
| antebellum | The per capita increased, railroad development increased (with help from the land given by the government), products became standardized, trade increased due to faster and easier transportation, labor shortages led to increase in immigrants (mostly Irish) |
| Worcester v Georgia | Us officials had to honor the property rights of Cherokees |
| abolitionists | Caused political struggles like the Missouri Compromise and the Mason Dixon Line, and contributing to the Civil War |
| Mormons | This religious group didn't follow several main tenants of Christianity, and was different than all other religions. There were enough similarities to help bridge the gap between mainstream Christians and other religions. |
| James K. Polk | Size of the United states increased by more than 20% from the annexation of Texas, Mexican-American War, and the Oregon Treaty |
| Prigg v Pennsylvania | Supreme court decides that only federal law enforcers can enforce the fugitive slave laws. This made the south angry because it was viewed as a decision against the south and against slavery |
| Horace Mann | Poor families were derived of addition members to bring in money. With children in school, they weren’t able to work as long and so families didn’t get as much income. Dissent among religions about the curriculum taught to children. |
| Tariff of Abominations | It angered southern free traders and raised the prices of goods. By the time it was passed, Adams was already out of office and Jackson had to deal with the struggling economy and the angry people. |
| Charles River Bridge case | The Supreme Court ultimately sided with the Warren Bridge company. The Democrats supported the supreme court decision, as they felt it was in favor of state's rights. |
| Commonwealth v Hunt | Workers' attempts to establish closed shops are no longer subject to prosecution. Trade unions are now legal and they have the right to strike or take other measurements of peaceful coercions to raise wages and ban nonunion workers. |
| American Colonization Society | Not widely supported by africans, most slaves that moved to liberia were already free. |
| Manifest Destiny | led to the attempt of gaining land that was Mexican territory. This led to the Mexican War, where America and Mexico fought over the border of Texas. Also led to more disagreement about slavery, like should why is there so many southern states. |
| Transcendentalism | Many people were drastically influenced and took the idea of transcendentalism and founded certain lifestyles reflecting those beliefs, such as the Brook Farm that encouraged things like getting in tough with nature and meditation. Also transcendentalism |
| Whigs | Their efforts to overthrow Jackson's influence as well as their opposing party, the Democrats finally succeeds in the election of 1840 in which their candidate, William Henry Harrison, wins over the Americans with the Whig's plan to restabilize the Americ |
| Webster-Ashburton Treaty | Gets rid of border disputes in Maine with Canada. US is given half the disputed land. |
| Jacksonian Democracy | The US falls into an era of Demcratic rule in which the nation becomes more democratic. |
| 2nd Am. Party System | The whig party split over the issue of slavery, and some joined the democrats. This democrat party was precursor to republicanism. |
| National Republicans | The Whig party was created in response. |
| States’ rights | This lead to tensions arising among the believers in strict construction vs. loose construction, (mainly Jackson vs. Calhoun). Eventually with the Force Bill and the Compromise Tariff of 1833 would be created to show the states that federal power was supr |
| Tariff of 1828 | Southerners were angered by the tariff because it actually harmed the southern farmers (tariffs in other countries would be placed on American exports) Residual anger results in the large roll of South Carolina in the Nullification Crisis in the late 1820 |
| South Carolina Exposition | John C. Calhoune is from South Carolina and also dislikes the tariff, this is the first time a vice president has directly opposed the president! (Jackson v. Calhoune). Also the nullifcation crisis follows , as well as the Hayne Webster debate |
| 2nd Bank of the United States | For Jackson to end it he takes out the money from it and puts it in select in select state "pet" Banks. these "pet" Banks Overextend credit, so all loans are quickly called back in. Jackson Accuse Biddle and It of cresting economic panic and it is never p |
| Clayton-Bulwer Treaty | : It reserved peaceful relations with Britain and the United States, while offering a connection between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean without one country acting as if they are the single owner. Also, it sustained the United States from having |
| Shakers | The founder of this religious group, Ann Lee, started this group in England. They then moved to America after religious persecution where they struggled to survive. After some hardship =, the group finally began to grow |
| National Republicans | This party eventually rivaled the Democratic Party in competing for control in the government. |
| Webster-Hayne Debate | The debates were printed out and read by many Americans, influencing their beliefs about states' rights. |
| Clay’s Compromise | It aloud the nation to avoid a secession and a civil war. |
| Nicholas Biddle | Became president of the second bank and caused a recession in 1834 that hurt the nations economy |
| Speculation | partitioning of trans Appalachian west into neat squares |
| Wildcat Banks | Note circulation by state banks ended after the passage of the national bank act of 1863,which provided for the incorporation of national banks under federal law and the issue of bank notes on the security of government bonds. |
| temperance | drunkenness led to family abuse, loss of money, riots, and destruction of civic order.A Society formed in 1826. |
| Liberty Party | Had almost no impact on the 1840 election, and caused the party to meet and form into the Free Soil Party, which again had little to no effect. |
| utopianism | Overall, these "perfect societies" failed, and didn't have much impact on many people. |
| Pet Banks | These Banks flooded the economy with currency, which helped cause the economic scare of 1837, along with banks starting to only accept silver and gold. |
| Indian Removal Act | Trail of Tears, Second Seminole War, greatly decreased Native American resistance in southeast, |
| Young America | Politics change and political parties get more fragmented |
| cult of domesticity/true womanhood | contradicted feminist beliefs of the time period, and kept sexist beliefs in circulation |
| DeTocqueville/Democracy in America | The book was popular in many European countries as well as America spreading the ideas of democracy. |
| Oneida Community | people started using transcendentalsim in every aspect of their life. Emerson a transcendentalist who believed you could make yourself one with nature and then control your own soul. Thoreau was inspired by Emerson and decided to record his own thoughts a |
| Brook Farm | added to public doubt that utopian communities could be successful, created controversy over equality of women and equal wages for all labor |
| “Corrupt Bargain” | Simply having the most votes, or even the most electoral votes, does not guarantee a victory in a presidential election, especially in the election style of the 1800s. Also, shady deals and favors can hold as large of an effect on the presidential electio |
Created by:
westke
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