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AMS SOL 6.4
Term | Definition |
---|---|
matter | anything that has mass and volume |
atoms | smallest unit of an element |
proton | particle with a positive charge in the nucleus |
neutron | particle in the nucleus with no electric charge |
electron | tiny particle with a negative charge found outside of the nucleus |
nucleus | center of the atom |
parts in the nucleus | proton and neutrons |
electron cloud | area surrounding the nucleus also known as orbitals or energy levels |
energy level one | can hold up to 2 electrons |
energy level two | can hold up to 8 electrons |
energy level three | can hold up to 18 electrons |
element | substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance |
periodic table of elements | resource for information about all of the elements |
atomic number | smaller number on the periodic table the indicates the number of protons or electrons |
atomic mass | larger number on the periodic table that is the total number of protons and nuetrons |
chemical symbol | letters on the periodic table |
subtract | how to find the number of neutrons in an atom |
abundant elements | those that are found in large amounts on Earth |
abundant elements in the atmosphere | Nitrogen and Oxygen |
abundant elements in the oceans | Oxygen Hydrogen Sodium and Chlorine |
abundant elements in Earth's crust (the ground) | Oxygen and Silicon |
abundant elements in the human body | Oxygen Carbon and Hydrogen |
element found in all living things | Carbon |
element that is abundant in air, oceans, earth's crust, and the body | Oxygen |
compound | a substance made of two or more elements that combine chemically |
molecule | a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
chemical formula | used to represent a compound; shows the elements that are in the compound |
chemical change | a change in matter that produces one or more new substances |
chemical equation | a way to show a chemical reaction using symbols |
reactants | found on the left side of the equation; substances that undergo a chemical change |
arrow | separates the reactants from the products in a chemical equation |
products | found on the right side of the equation; new substances that are formed during a chemical reaction |
examples of chemical changes | burning, rusting, tarnishing, photosynthesis, acid neutralization |
photosynthesis | plants change sunlight and carbon dioxide into Oxygen and glucose (food) |
rust or tarnish | the product of a chemical change that occurs when metals are exposed to air and water |
acid/base neutralization | chemical change that occurs when the pH of a liquid changes |
example of a liquid with a neutral pH (7) | water |
exothermic reaction | releases heat |
endothermic | absorbs heat making the surrounding colder |
physical change | any change that alters the appearance of a substance but does not change it into a new substance |