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Learning Target #9
APUSH Study Stack
| Term | Definition | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Nationalism | loyalty and devotion to one's nation | nationalism grew as the U.S. expanded into the west. |
| Great Triumvirate | a group of 3 U.S. politicians during the 1830s and 1840s (Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John Calhoun) | represented the different views on slavery from the 3 main regions of the U.S. |
| John C. Calhoun | served as a senator from South Carolina and Vice President to John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson. He also served as Secretary of War under Monroe. | advocate of slavery, states rights, a limited federal government, and nullification. significant figure in the Civil war, essentially contributing to the separation of the union. |
| Daniel Webster | Statesman and senator for Masacchuttes, influential Whig of Second Party System. One of America's greatest orators. | opposed nullification and argued for the supremacy of the federal government, sought compromise over slavery, opposed Mexican war. |
| Henry Clay | Member of House of Representatives and Senate for Kentucky. | Received Congressional approval for Missouri Compromise, |
| American System | economic plan consisting of 3 parts. Supported by Henry Clay. | example of a government sponsored program to balance nation's agriculture, commerce, and industry |
| Second National Bank | Served as central bank during its charter. | to create fiscal order after the war of 1812. sparked debate: Old republicans said it was constitutionally illegitimate and a direct threat to Jeffersonian agrarianism, state sovereignty and the institution of slavery. |
| Tariff of 1816 | passed by Congress with an explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from foreign competition | South opposed tariff because it made industrial goods, that they were dependent on, expensive. includes compromise of 1833 which ended crisis of 1832 |
| Internal Improvements | term mostly used for creation of a transportation infrastructure: roads, turnpikes, canals, harbors and navigation improvements | easier transportation of goods and people, creating larger internal trade networks. made it easier to transport goods to ports. |
| Era of Good Feelings | national mood started after the Napoleonic Wars. | Republican party split between National Faction and Jeffersonian faction. Division lead to Second Party system, where Whigs and Democrats would confront each other. |
| Election of 1816 | Democrat-Republican James Monroe v. Federalist Rufus King. Federalist party weak, therefore James Monroe won majority of votes casted. | Federalists had been discredited by their opposition to the war and secessionist rhetoric from New England |
| James Monroe | 5th president, bought Florida. helped negotiate louisiana purchase when he was a diplomat in france. | Negotiated purchase of Louisiana territory. Without purchase, there would be no westward expansion (westward migration eventually lead to debate over slavery expansion). |
| Panic of 1819 | First major financial crisis, resulted from international conflicts such as the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812 | caused widespread domestic foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. |
| “Wildcat” Banks | The banking industry in parts of the United States from 1837 to 1865, when banks were established in remote and inaccessible locations. | Banks at this time were being chartered by state law without any federal supervision. Also led to a period of free banking. |
| Reasons for Westward Expansion | Wanted to expand West when the Treaty of Paris of 1783 made Great Britain gave up its claims to the trans-Appalachian region | Created conflicts with Native Americans and moved many farm families west in search for land |
| Tallmadge Amendment | Congressman James Tallmadge would support Missouri’s constitution only if it banned the entry of new slaves and provided for the emancipation of existing bonds-people | Scared white southerners and they gained a greater inspiration to keep slavery |
| Missouri Compromise | Made from 1820-1821, it prohibited slavery north of the Missouri Compromise line (36°30′ north latitude), with the exception of the state of Missouri. | Resolved for a generation the issue of slavery in the lands of the Louisiana Purchase |
| John Marshall | Marshall elevated the Court from a minor department of the national government to a major institution in American legal and political life | His decisions on judicial review, contract rights, the regulation of commerce, and national banking permanently shaped the character of American constitutional law |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | In 1818, the state of Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on the bank. James W. McCulloch, the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the bank, refused to pay the tax. | Interprets Constitution to give broad powers to national government |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | A steamboat owner who did business between New York and New Jersey challenged the monopoly that New York had granted | Gives national government jurisdiction over interstate commerce |
| Rush-Bagot Treaty | Occured in 1817, and is an agreement between the United States and Great Britain concerning the Canadian border. | The rush-bagot agreement fixed the border between the United States & Canada at the 49th parallel & it resolved conflict to the claims of Oregon between Britain and the U.S. |
| Treaty of 1818 | Treaty secured fishing rights for U.S. fishermen along Newfoundland and Labrador, provided for joint control of Oregon territory, and marked the beginning of better relations between Britain and the U.S. | Established the boundary between U.S. and Canadian territories at the 49th parallel |
| Adams-Onis Treaty | Adams persuaded Spain to cede the Florida territory to the United States | merican government accepted Spain’s claim to Texas and agreed to a compromise on the western boundary for the state of Louisiana, which had entered the Union in 1812 |
| First Seminole War | The First Seminole War erupted over forays staged by U.S. authorities to recapture runaway black slaves living among Seminole bands, who stiffly resisted | Resulted in confiscation of the Seminoles' land for white settlement and exploitation |
| Andrew Jackson | Jackson used his popular mandate to transform the policies of the national government and the presidency itself | During his two terms in the White House, he enhanced presidential authority, destroyed the nationalistic American System, and established the legitimacy of a new ideology of government |
| Monroe Doctrine | President Monroe's American National Policy in 1823 with respects to the Western Hemisphere | Declared American continents were not “subject for further colonization |
| John Quincy Adams | Adams persuaded President Monroe to declare American national policy with respect to the Western Hemisphere | United States had successfully asserted its diplomatic leadership in the Western Hemisphere and won international acceptance of its northern and western boundaries. |
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keanehamamura
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