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Pharm 4
chap 24
| Drug | Class | Indication | Mechanisms | Side effetcs | Different |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entacapone | Parkinsons | enhance effectiveness of levodopa | stabilize dopamine levels | diarrhea,nausea | |
| bromocriptine | dopamine receptor agonist | advanced cases of Parkinson's | directly activate dopamine receptors | nausea(stimulated dopamin receptor),confusion,dyskinesias,sedation,vivid dreams,hallucinations | advanced parkinsons, in people with wear of and on-off effects |
| Pramipexole | dopamine receptor agonist | delay the need for levodopa in early Parkinson's,restless legs syndrome,paraesthesia,reduce "off" period and decrease the levodopa dosage requirement | dizziness,hallucinations,insomnia,nausea,vomiting,sedation | ||
| ropinirole | dopamine receptor agonist | restless legs syndrome,paraesthesia | same as pramipexole | transdermal patch preparation | |
| benztropine, trihexyphenidyl | acetylcholine receptor antagonist | early and advance Parkinsons's disease | anticholinergic,muscarinic receptors | agitation,confusion,constipatino, delirium,dry mouth,memory loss,urinary retention,tachycardia | more effective in reducing tremors than in other magnifestation of parkinson |
| donepezil | centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors | alzheimer's disease (slow the deterioration of cognitive function) | inhibits choninesterase in CNS and increases acetylcholine levels | bradycardia,diarrhea,GI bleeding,nausea and vomiting; | |
| tacrine | first centrally acting cholinesterase in Alzheimers | Alzheimer's | bradycardia,diarrhea,GI bleeding,nausea and vomiting; urinary incontinence, diarrhea,hepatotoxicity | lower bioavailability and shorter half-live than donepezil | |
| Rivastigmine,galantamine | reversible choninesterase inhibitors | Alzheimers | bradycardia,AV block,nausea,vomiting,anorexia,weight loss | transdermal | |
| memantine | noncompetitive antagonist at (NMDA) receptor | Alzheimer | |||
| interferon beta-1b | relapsing forms of MS | immunomodulator | chills,diarrhea,fever,headache,hypertensino,myalgia,pain,vomiting | ||
| baclofen | antispatic drugs | MS, ALS | dizzeness, fatigue,weakness, | ||
| prednisone | adrenal corticosteroid drugs | MS | antiinflammatory activity, shorten the duration of exacerbations,ameliorate symptoms, decreasing edema | aggravation of diabetes mellitus, GI bleeding, moo d changes, pancreatitis, seizures | orally or parenterally |
| riluzole | first drug approved for ALS | ALS | prolong time before pt require a tracheotomy, prolong life 3 months, inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels | asthenia,diarrhea,dizziness,drowsiness,incresed hepatic enzyme levels,nausea,vomiting,paresthesia,vertigo | more effective in those with bulbar-onset disease than in those with limb-onset disease |
| gabapentin | antiepileptic drug | ALS | ataxia,dizziness,drowsiness,nystagmus,tremor | ||
| levodopa | Parkinson's | Parkinson’s disease & parkinsonian symptoms | increase dopamine levels by increase dopamin synthesis | Nausea & vomiting, Orthostatic ,hypotension, Cardiac arrhythmias, Dyskinesias, Hallucinations & distorted thinking | "wear-off" effect, "on-off"phenomenon; precursors of dopamine |
| selegiline (rasagiline) | Parkinson's, MOA-B | early or mild Parkinson's, adjunct with levodopa - carbidopa combination | inhibit dopamine breakdown | confusion,dyskinesias,hallucination,hypotension,insomnia,nausea | |
| carbidopa | Parkinson's | increase levodopa level ->increase dopamine synthesis, reduce "wear-off" effect | inhibits LAAD | levodopa carbidopa combination | |
| Amantadine | Parkinson's | prevent and treat influenze, early or mild Parkinson's, adjunct to levodopa | increase the release of dopamine | sedation,restlessness,vivid dreams,nausea,dry mouth,hypotension,"livedo reticularis (reddish-blue mottling of skin with edema) | better tolerated than levodopa, but less effective |
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prinluu
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