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Unit 2 AP HUG JL
Made by Jason Lopez
| Carry capacity | This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, habitat, water and other life infrastructure present. This is important because it tells how many people an area will be able to support. |
| Cohort | Population of various age categories in an age-sex population pyramids. This is important because this can tell what state this country it is whether in Stage 3 or Stage 5 in the demographic transition model. |
| Demographic equation | The formula that calculates population change. The formula finds the increase (or decrease) in a population. The formula is found by doing births minus deaths plus (or minus) net migration. |
| Demographic momentum | this is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. This is important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model. |
| Demographic regions | Cape Verde is in Stage 2 (High Growth), Chile is in Stage 3 (Moderate Growth), and Denmark is in Stage 4 (Low Growth). This is important because it shows how different parts of the world are in different stages of the demographic transition. |
| Demographic Transition model | Has 5 steps. Stage 1 is low growth, Stage 2 is High Growth, Stage 3 is Moderate Growth, and Stage 4 is Low Growth and Stage 5 although not officially a stage is a possible stage that includes zero or negative population group. |
| Dependency ratio | The number of people who are too you or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years. This is important because this tells how many people each worker supports. |
| Diffusion of fertility control | The diffusion of fertility control is spread throughout the world. In much of Africa it is above 4, if South America is between 2 and 3, in Europe, the US, China, and Russia it is below 2.1, and most of the Middle East it is above 4. |
| Disease diffusion | There are two types, contagious and hierarchical. Hierarchical is along high density areas that spread from urban to rural areas. Contagious is spread through the density of people. |
| Doubling time | number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
| Ecumene | proportion of earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
| Epidemiological transition model | This is a distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition. |
| Gendered space | Area where only one gender goes into: example- women's public bathroom |
| Infant mortality rate | The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births. Its is expressed as the annual number of deaths among infants among infants per 1000 births rather than a percentage. MDCs have low ones and LDCs have high ones |
| J-curve | This is when the projection population show exponential growth; sometimes shape as a j-curve. |
| Maladaption | This is an adaptation that has become less helpful than harmful. This relates to human geography because it has become less and less suitable and more of a problem or hindrance in its own right, as time goes on. |
| Malthus, Thomas | Was one of the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population. |
| Mortality | There are two useful ways to measure mortality; infant mortality rate and life expectancy. The IMR reflect a country’s health care system and life expectancy measures the average number of years a baby can expect to live. |
| Natality (Crude Birth Rate) | This is the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; it is expressed as number of birth in year to every 1000 people alive in the society. |
| Neo-malthusian | theory that builds upon Malthus’ thoughts on overpopulation. Takes into count two factors that Malthus did not: population growth in LDC’s, and outstripping of resources other than food |
| Overpopulation | relationship between the number of people on Earth, and the availability of resources |
| Population densities | the frequency with which something occurs in space is density |
| (part of population densities) Arithmetic density | total number of objects in an area. |
| (part of population densities) Physiological density | number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture. |
| (part of population densities) Agricultural density | the number of farmers per unit of area of farmland. |
| Population distributions | the arrangement of a feature in space is distribution. Geographers identify the three main properties as density, concentration, and pattern |
| Population explosion | a sudden increase or burst in the population in either a certain geographical area or worldwide |
| Population projection | predicts the future population of an area or the world. |
| Population pyramid | population displayed by age and gender on a bar graph |
| Rate of natural increase | the percentage by which a population grows in a year. CBR-CDR = NIR (Excludes migration) |
| S-curve | traces the cyclical movement upwards and downwards in a graph. So named for its shape as the letter "s" |
| Sex ratio | the number of males per hundred females in the population |
| Standard of living | refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way they are distributed within a population |
| Sustainability | providing the best outcomes for human and natural environments both in the present and for the future |
| Underpopulation | it is the opposition to overpopulation and refers to a sharp drop or decrease in a region’s population |
| Zero population growth | when the crude birth rate equals the crude death rate and the natural increase rate approaches zero. |
| Activity space | space allotted for a certain industry or activity |
| Chain migration | when one family member migrates to a new country and the rest of the family follows shortly after |
| Cyclic movement | trends in migration and other processes that have a clear cycle |
| Distance Decay | When contact between two groups diminishes because of the distance between them. |
| Forced Migration | People removed from there countries and forced to live in other countries because of war, natural disaster, and government. |
| Gravity Model | Predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it. |
| Internal Migration | Permanent movement within a particular country. |
| Intervening Opportunity | An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that helps migration. |
| Intercontinental (Kind of migrational pattern) | Permanent movement from one country to a different country on the same continent. |
| Interregional (kind of migrational pattern) | Permanent movement from one region of the country to another. |
| Rural-Urban (kind of migrational pattern) | Permanent movement from suburbs and rural area to the urban city area. |
| Migratory Movement (kind of migrational pattern) | movement that consists of one person migrating from one place to another |
| Periodic Movement (kind of migrational pattern) | movement involving longer periods of time further away from home |
| Personal Space | a concept closely related to territoriality, proposed by anthropologist Edward Hall. |
| Place Utility | having a product where customers can buy it |
| Push-Pull Factors | Factors that induce people to leave old residence and move to new locations. |
| Refugees | People forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in social group, or political opinion. |
| Space-Time Prism | set of all points that can be reached by an individual given a maximum possible speed from a starting point |
| Step Migration | migration involving people to move upward as far as rural to urban, such as farm, then the outskirts, an average neighborhood, then to a city |
| Transhumance | Seasonal migration of live stock between mountains and lowland pasture areas. |
| Transmigration | movement that consists of one person migrating from one place to another |
| Voluntary (referring to migration) | Migration to someplace else because the immigrant wants to, not because they are forced to. |
| Age Distribution | (Population pyramid) is two back-to-back bar graphs, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a particular population in five-year age groups. |
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