Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Clinical Psych
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of psychology? | Study of behavior of mental processes |
| Definition of clinical | 1. Conducted in a clinic 2. Observing patients 3. Characteristics by diagnostic symptoms |
| Extended definition of clinical | Integration of science, theory, practice to understand & alleviate maladjustment, disability, discomfort, & promote human adaptation, adjustment, & dev. Focus on intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social & beh aspects across lifespan. |
| Where are over 50% of psychologists? | Either clinical (48%) or counseling (7%)- psychotherapy 80, diag&assistant 64, teaching 49, clinical supervision 50, research&writing 51, consultation 47, administrative 53. |
| What is psychotherapy? | Working with individuals, couples, groups, direct assistance (insight). How to do things on own. |
| What is diagnosis & assistant? | Testing & interviewing, understand & classify symptoms. |
| What is teaching? | Full-time, park-time, engaging in workshops. Broad category of training. |
| What is clinical supervision? | One-on-one or small group supervision. |
| What is research & writing? | Collect research or quality assessments. Gathered & analyzed data. |
| What is consultation? | Expert advise or opinions. |
| What is administrative? | Writing reports, keeping records. |
| Where are psychologists? | Privatepractice 39%, universities 18%, combo 15%; correction facilities, nursing homes, insurance comp, assessment, child & family services, psych hospitals->general, outpatient, community, mental healthcare, medschools, univ. counseling centers, v.a. |
| Training for psychologist? | B.S. psych degree 4+ years. M.S./M.A. 2-3 years. Ph.D/Psy.D 5-7 years. |
| What are the accredited programs for each degree? (bachelors, masters, doctoral) | -National assoc. of social work (NASW) -National assoc. of school psychology (NASP) -Master's in counseling: Counseling or accreditation counseling & related Ed. programs (CACREP). -Doctoral programs clin/counseling/school: (APA) |
| Elements of a psychologist | Doctorate in psych, phd (more research based), psyd (more clin based, not as much research). |
| School psychologist | Testing & assessing children-> ADHD, autism, psychosis, anxiety. |
| Clinical psychologist | Traditionally in-patient, more personality assessment. |
| Counseling psychologist | Traditionally out-patient, vocational training. |
| Counselor | Master's or Doctorate. Not involved with testing. |
| Types of counselors | Mental health counselor, community, agency, career, marriage & family, school, substance abuse. |
| Social Worker | B.S.W. or M.S.W. or D.S.W. Case worker-> With individual or family. Not involved with testing. |
| Psychiatrist | Medical doctorate (M.D.) Not too involved with psychology testing. Different rotation from other M.D.'s by a year. |
| Three elements of clinical psychology | Assessments, intervention, research. |
| Thales of Miletus | Understand regular study. |
| Dorthy Dix | 19th century. Rights & betterment for mentally ill. |
| Empiricism | Zeitgeist- "spirit of the times" |
| Assessment- Francis Galton | late 1800's. Anthropometric lab study measure of motor skills, reaction time. |
| Assessment- Cattell | Late 1800's. Coined term "mental test." Individual differences. Studied mostly physiological differences. |
| Assessment- Kraepelin | 1913. Established 1st classification system disorders; exogenous vs. endogenous. |
| Assessment- Binet-Alred | 1904. Established 1st intelligence test, "Stanford-Binet." |
| Assessment- Jung | 1905. Free association- Participant given random stimuli & to project what they feel describes stimuli. |
| Assessment- WWI | Early 1900's. U.S. (1917) Milestone in assessment. |
| Assessment- WWI- Woodworth | Est. personal data sheet questionnaire to assess abnormality (how person will react to gun fire; how stable). |
| Assessment- WWI- Army Alpha (...) & Army Beta (...) | Army Alpha- literates. Army Beta- illiterates. To assess ability (intelligence). |
| Assessment- WWI- Rorschach | 1921. Ink blot test (psychodynamic). Use as projective technique. |
| Assessment- WWI- Strong vocational interest blank | 1927. Used in career assessment. |
| Assessment- WWI- Terman at Stanford University | 1916. Stanford-Binet intelligence test. |
| Assessment- WWI- Hathaway & McKinley | 1940's. Est. first MMPI- objective personality test compared to Rorschach. |
| Assessment WWI- APA | 1952. APA published first DSM. Classify & describe. |
| What is intervention? | Treatment. |
| Intervention- Charcot | Late 1800's. Hypnosis to treat hysteria. Controversial. |
| Intervention- Breuer & Freud | Psychoanalysis, especially Freud had major impact on mental health treatment. Freud- also involved with interpretation of dreams. |
| Intervention- Healy | 1909. First child guidance psychologist treatment, delinquents. |
| Intervention- WWII | When psychology started to grow. Gvnt started heavily funding psychology treatment/psych programs. |
| Intervention- WWII- Dollard & Millard | 1950. Published book "Psychology & Psychotherapy" |
| Intervention- WWII- Carl Rodgers | 1951. Published book "Client-centered therapy" |
| Intervention- WWII- Hans Eysenck | 1952. Published critique "Therapy lacks Effectiveness" & began to evaluate therapy. |
| Intervention- WWII- 1990's | Managed care has impact on psychology services, empirically validated treatment. |
| Research- William Wundt | 1879. Leipzig, Germany- First psych lab. |
| Research- W. James | 1879. Principles of psychology. First research in psychology. |
| Research- Clinical- | Test development, outcomes, case studies. Not rigorous. |
| Research- Clinical- Smith & Glass | 1977. Meta-analysis of outcomes on research. |
| Research- Clinical- DSMIII | 1980's. Took research into account, Etiology & course. |
| Research: Important journals | Journal Clinical Psych., Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psych., Journaling of Counseling, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, and Journal of Counseling & Development. |
| Lightner Witmer | 1896. "Birth" of clinical psychology. Est. 1st psych clinic @ university of Penn. Formed 1st clinical journal "Psychology of clinic." Est. sub discipline. Set up 1st clinical training program. Set up new identity for psych. New branch->Clinical. |
| APA | Formed in 1892. In 1909, clinical psych division was est. |
| Chauncey Loutttit | 1939. Published 1st clinical psychology textbook. WWII- V.A. developed internships. |
| Connecticut | In 1945, 1st state to certify psychologists. By 1949, 42 schools Ph.D. in clinical psychology. Presently, over 200 APA accredited. |
| Boulder Conference | 1949. Est. the scientist-practitioner model (Boulder model). Training program for graduate programs. |
| Vail Conference | Practitioner-scholar model. Training program for graduate programs. |
| Ethical Standards | 1953. First ethical standards established. 1995, APA supports prescription privileges. |
| Current Issues | 1. Conflict training models 2. Psy.D. quality concerns 3. Internships- aren't enough "good" ones 4. Managed care- control costs & services 5. Prescription privileges |
| Ethical Principles | Rule #1: Do no harm to self, community, or other. |
| Ethical Principles- Informed consent | When working with client, they need to know limitations to therapy (confidentiality), signing paper, not just therapist telling client. |
| Ethical Principles- Breaking confidentiality | Giving signs of future harm to self, others, or admit child/elderly abuse. Not what they "said" they did. |
| Ethical Principles- Refer & Consult | Refer (R)- if feel cannot treat (can't handle personality disorder) or do have too many clients. *Only do what qualified to do through training & experience. Consult (C) Treating patient. |
| Dual Roles | No sex, friends/family, other significant role/relationship. |
| Tarasoff vs. Board of Regents | Having to do with confidentiality. Duty to warn. University of California. |
| Three primary reasons doing research in clinical psychology | 1. Efficacy- effectiveness 2. Etiology- causation/influences 3. Basic knowledge- general theory building & testing |
| How/Approaches to Research | Empirical (observation). 1. Quantitative- (statistics) 2. Qualitative- (words) hear peoples stories, then look for themes. |
| 1.Case study | Qualitative. Examine 1 individual thoroughly. |
| 2.Experimental | Quantitative. Cause & effect. |
| Things you need for experimental: | 1. Random assignment- everyone has = opportunity to get assigned to groups. 2. At least 2 groups- controlled & experimental. Placebo effect. Hawthorne effect. Quazi-experimental- compares 2 groups but w/o random assign. or control. |
| 3.Correlational study | Seeing whether or not one variable is related to another. Relatedness to two or more variables. Quazi-experimental. Spurious (3rd variable). |
| Statistics- variance | dispersion of scores. Stats based on shared variance. Correlation based on strength of relation (both pointing up or down= positive) (going opposite=negative). |
| Statistic significance | Not random chance, actually happened. r= .36, p< .05 |
| Regression | Looking at many correlations at once. Also, differences between groups. |
| t-tests | Differences in average scores between two groups. |
| F-test | differences among more than two groups at once. Post-hoc, goes back & evaluates t-test. |
| Counseling/Psychotherapy | Process of engagement between two people. Cornerstone; helping relationship, interacting within ethical boundaries: caring, attend, conducive-> insight by exploring, practicing, & emoting with interactional judging. |
| Three crucial elements for helping relationships | 1. Genuine- you & client being who you/they really are. 2. Empathy- understanding client's world as if your own. (Put yourself in their place) 3. Warmth- caring. |
| Psychodynamic approach | Unconscious motivation or conflict, unaware. Can be instinctual, but usually past experience. |
| Charcot | Known for work on hypnosis & treatment on hysteria. |
| Breuer | Working on hypnosis to find past experiences & talk therapy. Anna O & "The talking cure" |
| Freud | Personality structure- (unconscious & development). Id, Ego, Superego. |
| Jung | Personality structure. Understanding unconscious |
| Three levels of the mind | 1. Conscious- aware (small) 2. Preconscious- somewhat aware, can retrieve. 3. Unconscious- unaware most of the time. Instinct, past experience, repression, sexual desires, aggression.Strongest part of mind & most powerful on what influences you,no contr |
| Psychic determinism | Everything you do has reason. |
| Parapraxes | A.k.a "Freudian slip" |
| 3 elements to get insight | 1. Free association 2. Analyze resistance (reluctance to change) 3. Analyze transference (client projects on therapist) |
| Two levels of dream analysis | Latent content- pure unconscious. what the dream actually means, the underlying meaning. Manifest content- what the dream contains. |
| Jung | relative to Freud. De-emphasized sex. Emphasis on dream analysis. |
| Alder | emphasized social relationships. Insecurity, neurotic- how past effects you now. |
| Ego psychology | stress the ego. conflict-free functioning. Becoming more rational & knowing self. |
| Interpersonal therapy | Established as EVT (empirically validated treatment). Brieft psychoanalysis. Interpersonal functioning insight. 75% improvement in depression. |
| Interventions | Method of inducing change in client behavior, feelings or thinking. 1. "Gewy" 2. Not fixing. Guiding. Help change. 3. Have reason to do what you do (techniques you choose) 4. Some conditions are more treatable than others |
| Techniques serve several purposes (six) | 1.Viewed as expert role (appearance) 2.Induce catharsis (release of emotions) 3. Work on relationship (basically an atmosphere/envir where client can be comfy) 4. Anxiety reduction 5. Give insight: interpreting 6. Mastery (building confidence) |
| Need to have in career: | "Fit" between client & counselor. Real or perceived. Shared understanding, similarity. |
| Counseling process: (five) | 1. initial contact- can happen on phone 2. assessment-what is wrong w/them 3.goals,what to accomplish 4.Treat them 5. Termination-usually follow up. meet goals & see improvement |
Created by:
546496914
Popular Science sets