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Pharm test 3
chap 27
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ch.27 Drugs for Respiratory Tract Disorders include | • Anti-infammatory drugs • Bronchodilators • Antitussives • Expectorants • Antihistamines |
| Anti-infammatory drugs subclasses are | - Antileukotriene drugs - Inhaled Steroids - Mast Cell Stabilizers - Oral Steroids |
| Bronchodilators subclasses are | • Selective Beta-2 agonists • Other Bronchodilators |
| Oral Steroids include | Prednisone• prednisolone •methylprednisolone• dexamethasone |
| Inhaled Steroids include | Fluticasone (Flovent) (Flonase) •Budesonide (Pulmicort) (Rhinocort) •Mometasone (Asmanex) (Nasonex) • Triamcinolone (Azmacort-off mkt) (Nasacort) •Ciclesonide (---) (Omnaris) |
| Mast Cell Stabilizers include | Cromolyn Sodium (NasalCrom) & and other formulations some no longer on mkt |
| Antileukotriene drugs include | Montelukast (Singulair) •Zafirlukast (Accolate) |
| Selective Beta-2 agonists include | Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil, ProAir) ,Levalbuterol (Xopenex) ,Salmeterol (Serevent) ,Formoterol (Forodil) ,Aformoterol (Brovana) ,Terbultaline (Brethine) |
| Other Bronchodilators include | Ipratropium (Atrovent) •Tiotropium (Spiriva) •Theophylline (Theodur) |
| Antitussives | Codeine (usually in combination with Promethazine) •Hydrocodone (in combination with other drugs) chlorpheniramine (Tussionex •Dextromethorphan usually in combination with other OTC ingredients (Robitussin DM) |
| Expectorants | Guaifenesin (plain Robitussin, Mucinex) |
| Antihistamines | chap 26 |
| Asthma characteristics | Inflammation & hyperresponsiveness |
| Rhinitis | Seasonal or non-seasonal |
| COPD | Chronic bronchitis , Emphysema |
| Cromolyn sodium: Mast cell stabilizers indications | Allergic rhinitis, (vernal) seasonal conjunctivitis , Long-term control asthma , Prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm, systemic mastocytosis, ulcerative colitis, food allergy |
| Localized pain & irritation | Mast cell stabilizers adverse effects |
| Indications: prophylaxis and treatment of various forms of asthma (allergic asthma, aspirin-sensitive asthma) | Antileukotriene drugs |
| liver enzymes (liver failure, liver injury), hypersensitivity reactions, allergic granulomatous vasculitis | Antileukotriene drugs adverse effects |
| Indication:Treat or prevent acute bronchospasm | β2 Agonists - rapid acting |
| Adverse eff: tachycardia, palpitations, tremors | β2 Agonists - Rapid-acting |
| “Rescue inhalers” | albuterol (Proventil) |
| Indications: Treat asthmas & emphysema, not for acute bronchitis | β2 Agonists - Long-acting |
| Indications: COPD, rhinitis | Muscarinic blockers: Ipratropium (Atrovent), Tiotropium (Spiriva) |
| First-line treatment for COPD | tiotroprium (Spiriva) |
| Indications: COPD, asthma, premie apnea | theophylline (Theodur) |
| Adverse effects: GI, CNS, CV | theophylline (Theodur) |
| What to remember when administer theophylline (Theodur)? | Monitor serum levels |
| What is the first-line treatment for a cough? | controlling the infection, allergy, and other condition responsible for a cough |
| Opioids characteristics | have higher retio of antitussive effect to analgesic and euphoric effects |
| centrally acting antitussives | opioids: dextromethorphan, codeine, hydrocodone |
| antitussive | drugs to suppress coughing |
| Expectorants moa | Reduce viscosity of tenacious secretions by increasing respiratory tract fluid. Mobilization & expectoration of mucous |
| Indications: Thick tenacious respiratory secretions; Dry, non-productive cough; Sinusitis | guaifenesin (Mucinex) |
| Indications: prevent asthma attacks | Glucocorticoids: Inhalation preferred route of administration |
| Thrush (oral candidiasis); Suppress growth in children | Glucocorticoids (fluticasone, budesonide, triamcinolone): metered-dose inhalers (ise of spacer device) |
| Mast cell stabilizers are | nonsteroid compounds that stabilize the plasma membrane of mast cells and eosinophils and thereby prevents degranulation and release of histamine ... substances that cause airway inflammation |
| the most widely used opioid antitussive drug | Dextromethorphan |
| Indications: "nonprescription" products for cough and other respiratory tract conditions | Dextromethorphan |
| Codeine and hydrocodone can cause | little CNS depression or euphoria at doses that produce excellent antitussive (liquid cough preparations) |
| antileukotriene benefits | children more than adults, younger children more than older children |
| Rapid acting B2 agonists | albuterol, levalbuterol, terbultaline |
| Indication: prevent and treat acute bronchospasm | rapid acting B2 agonist |
| tachycardia, palpitaions, tremors | levalbuterol < albuterol |
| Long-acting B2 agonists | Salmeterol and formoterol |
| Indications: long term treatment of asthma and emphysema, particularly "prevent nocturnal asthmatic attacks, inhibit late phase of allergen-induced bronchoconstriction" | salmeterol and formoterol |
| dry mouth | ipratropium and tiotropium |
| Indications: primarily to treat COPD, reduces rhinorrhea in pt with allergic or viral rhinitis, infants with acute bronchitis | ipratropium |
| Expectorant moa | facilitating the coughing up of mucus and other material from the lungs, |
| Indications: pts with thick, tenacious respiratory tract secretions; pt with dry, nonproductive coughing; pt with sinusitis to increase airway hydration | Guaifenesin: oral nonprescriptive drug |
| Indicactions:primarily to treat chronic obstructive lung disorders and asthma, apnea, COPD, recurrent apnea in premature infants, obstructive sleep apnea, and periodic breathing | Theophylline (bronchidilators) |
| Reduce sleep quality via CNS stimulation | Theophylline (bronchidilators) |
| abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting; headache, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, dizziness and seizures | Theophylline (bronchidilators) |
| hypotension,bradycardia, extra systoles, premature ventricular contractions, and tachycardia; seizure and serious arrhythmias occur at concentration over 25 mg/L | Theophylline (bronchidilators) |
| thoephyline is | a methylxanthine drug |
| the most efficacious anti-inflammatory drugs for allergic rhinitis | glucocortitoids |
| the only type of bronchodilator used to counteract acute asthmatic attacks | B2 agonists |
| primarily to treat pt with COPD | muscarinic antagonists |
| long-term basis to prevent bronchoconstriction in pt with asthma or emphysema | theophylline |
| bronchodilators moa | relax bronchial smooth muscle and prevent or relieve bronchospasm |
| Inhaled steroid vs oral steroids | adverse effects are reduced when ginve by inhalation. excessive deposition of drgus in the mouth cause oral candidiasis (thrush) |
| arformoterol (active isomer of formoteron | chronic bronchitis or emphysema |
| black-box warning | long-acting B2 agonists: risk of asthma-related death |
Created by:
prinluu
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