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Anticoagulant, Antip
Drugs recognition: chap 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| warfarin (Coumadin) | Oral Anticoagulants |
| Vitamin K – “antidote for warfarin” | Oral Anticoagulants |
| heparin | Parenteral Anticoagulants |
| enoxaparin (Lovenox) | Parenteral Anticoagulants |
| bivalirudin (Angiomax) | Parenteral Anticoagulants |
| lepirduin (Refludan) | Parenteral Anticoagulants |
| aspirin | Antiplatelet Drugs |
| dipyridamole/aspirin (Aggrenox) | Antiplatelet Drugs |
| clopidogrel (Plavix) | Antiplatelet Drugs |
| (Aggrastat & Intergrilin) – for unstable angina and acute MI | Antiplatelet Drugs |
| abciximab (ReoPro) – for angioplasty and stent placement | Antiplatelet Drugs |
| Alteplase & Streptokinase – for PE, stroke, and acute MI | Fibrinolytics |
| treat hemorrhage caused by coumarin anticoagulants | phytonadione |
| what to monitor when using coumarin coagulants? | PT (prothrombin time) |
| warfarin side effects | birth defects and bleeding |
| PT goal of patient treated with warfarin | 1.3 to 1.5 x PT of the control |
| INR goal of warfarin | normally 2 to 3, in pt with mechanical prosthtic heart valses and systemic embolization: INR = 3 to 4.5 |
| drugs increase anticoagulant effect of warfarin | salicylates, cephalosporins |
| drugs decrease anticoagulant effect of warfarin | refampin, barbiturates |
| drug inhibit absorption of warfarin | cholestyramine |
| drugs inhibit metabolism of warfarin and increase bleeding | amiodarone, cimetidine, erythromycin, fluconazole, gemfibrozil, isoniazid, metronidazole, sulfinpyrazone |
| why do warfarin have many drug interactions? | b/c it is almost completely metabolized by CYP enzymes: CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP 2C19, Cyp 3A4 |
| Warfain indications | deep vein thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, artificial heart valve, used in combination with heparin for MI Keep thrombus from extending, cannot dissolve |
| what does dosage of warfarin depend on? | the patient's PT (prothrombi time) |
| what to do when bleeding occur during administration of coumarin anticoagulant? | withheld the drug until Pt determined, reduction in drug dosage, administer phytonadione (vit K). if INR >20, use fresh frozen plasma or factor IX |
| what causes HIT (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia) | heparin administration |
| What causes HIT 1? | heparin-platelet interaction, leading to platelet aggregation, can continue using drugs |
| What causes HIT 2? | immunoglobulin-mediated platelet inactivation, causing mortality and thrombotic complications, discontinued |
| alteplase (Activase) streptokinase (fibrinolytic drugs) indication | degrade thrombus in MI, stroke, PE (pulmonary embolism) |
| alteplase (Activase) streptokinase adverse effects | hemorrhage |
| abciximab indication | for angioplasty and stent placement |
| abciximab adverse effect | bleeding |
| tirofiban (Aggrastat) & eptifibatide (Integrilin)indications | acute coronary syndrome, adverse effect: bleeding |
| dosage of heparin depends on | aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time |
| adequate level of heparin | aPTT = 1.5 to 2x normmal |
| enoxaparin (Lovenox)indications | DVT, PE, thromboembolic disorders, CV surgeries, atrial fib, unstable angina |
| heparin antidote | protamine sulfate |
| spironolactone (Aldactone)classes | aldosterone antagonists potassium sparing diuretic |
| eplerenone (Inspra) | aldosterone antagonists potassium sparing diuretic |
| ethacrynic acid | loop diuretics |
Created by:
prinluu
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