Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Adolescent - Ch. 1-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Delayed phase preference | a pattern of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty. |
| Social cognition | the aspect of cognition that concerns thinking about other people, about interpersonal relationships, and about social institutions. |
| Imaginary audience | the belief, often brought on by the heightened self-consciousness of early adolescence, that everyone is watching and evaluating one's behavior. |
| Personal fable | An adolescent's belief that he or she is unique and therefore not subject to the rules that govern other people's behavior. |
| Social perspective taking | The ability to view events from the perspective of others. |
| Self concept | The collection of traits and attributes that individuals use to describe or characterize themselves. |
| Self-esteem | The degree to which individuals feel positively or negatively about themselves |
| Metacognition | The process of thinking about thinking itself. |
| Assimilation | A process in which a person applies already learned responses to unfamiliar objects. (i.e. a balloon is not a ball) |
| Accommodation | A process in which existing ways of responding are adapted to the unique characteristics of new objects. (i.e. a tomato is not a ball; it won't bounce) |
| Equilibration | a process of self-regulation by which children change their cognitive structure in response to cognitive conflict. (i.e. pregnant cow - eating a mosquito) |
| Puberty | The biological changes of adolescence leading to reproductive maturity. |
| Pubertal timing and Pubertal Status | The timing of puberty, as well as the rate at which it occurs is highly variable. It is influenced by genetic and environmental (e.g. health and nutrition) factors. |
| Secular Trend | The tendency, over the past two centuries, for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier, primarily because of improvements in health and nutrition. |
| Myelination | The process through which brain circuits are insulated with myelin, which improves the efficiency of information processing. |
| Synaptic pruning | The process through which unnecessary connections between neurons are eliminated, improving the efficiency of information processing. |
| 5 major manifestations of pubertal development: | 1. Rapid acceleration in growth 2. Development of primary sex characteristics 3. Development of secondary sex characteristics 4. Changes in body composition 5. Changes in the circulatory and respiratory systems |
| Adolescence | The transition from child status to adult self responsibility for one's behavior int he absence of adult supervision; interposed with body and brain changes of puberty. |
| Primary sex characteristics | characteristics directly involved in reproduction, such as the testes in males and ovaries in females. |
| Secondary sex characteristics | characteristics, such as breast development in females, and facial hair in males. |
| Growth spurt | The dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty. |
| Gender differences in growth spurt | - Boys: muscle tissue grows faster in boys in boys and girls; increase size and capacity of the heart and lungs, and in exercise tolerance.- Females: body fat increases more so for females than for males during puberty. |
| True/False: Timing and tempo of an individual's pubertal maturation are largely inherited | True |
| Gender differences in body composition during adolescence. | - Females: enlargement of breast, pubic hair, age of maximum growth, menarche, growth of auxiliary hair.- Males: Beginning growth of testes, pubic hair, voice changes, first ejaculation of semen, age of maximum growth, growth of auxiliary hair, developmen |
| The secretion of female and male hormones in females and males during puberty. What are the gender differences? | Testosterone and estradiol are both present in males and females. In boys, testosterone significantly increases in later tanner stages; in females, testosterone increases as well, but not as significantly as that in males. Estrogen, in females, increases |
| HPG axis | The neurophysiological pathway that involves the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads. |
| What does H-P-G refer to? | Hypothalamus Pituitary Gonads |
| What are the hormones HPG produce to operate pubertal development? | - Hypothalamus - the part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, and releases GnRH- Pituitary - small gland that controls hormone levels in general- Gonads - sexual glands (testes and ovaries) |
| How is the brain developing in adolescence? | 1. The elimination of unnecessary synapses in prefrontal cortex (i.e. synaptic pruning). 2. Increased myelination of the brain 3. Neurotransmitters in lymbic system thought to increase sensation seeking and emotional arousal. |
| What are the three hypothesis that have been suggested by developmental scientists to explain the psychological effects of puberty? | 1. Early-timing hypothesis - those who mature earlier than peers would be affected negatively. 2. Off-time hypothesis - Those who were earlier and later be negatively affected.3. Stressful change hypothesis - Those who were in the midst of puberty would s |
| How do boys and girls react to first ejaculation and menarche today? | -Boys: Does not cause anxiety, embarrassment, or fear, but more often confused. They rarely discuss their first ejaculation and usually hide the evidence. -Girls: Depending on attitude and preparation before menarche. Perception is less negative today tha |
| How are the responses (in respect to first ejaculation and menarche) different from those in the past? | Girl's attitudes toward menarche today are less negative than they were in the past, due to the increase in information about menstruation in schools and in the media in recent years. Boys - |
| Which factors influence adolescents' perceptions of their pubertal events? | Cultural beliefs Information/knowledge about specific pubertal events |
| Why is early onset of puberty associated with behavioral and emotional problems? Is there a gender difference in existing findings? | Kids who mature earlier feel they have to keep up with others in physical development. - Boys: Positive self-perception and successful peer relations - Girls: Risk of school, substance, eating and sex problems; are more independent. |
Created by:
kibarra371
Popular Psychology sets