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Psych Exam #1
Ch.3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins. | DNA |
| a molecule of DNA that contains the instructions to make proteins. Every cell carries an exact copy of the DNA. | Chromosome |
| How many chromosomes do humans have? | 43 chromosomes |
| How many chromosomes pairs do humans have? | 23 pairs |
| A section of a chromosome and the basic unit for the transmission of heredity. | Gene |
| Gamete are...? | Reproductive cells |
| What kind of gamete cell does a male have? | Sperm |
| what kind of gamete cell does a female have? | Ova Singular:ovum |
| the single cell formed from the fusing of two gametes, a sperm and an ovum. | Zygote |
| the naturally occurring termination of a pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is fully developed. | Spontaneous abortion |
| the intentional termination of a pregnancy. | Induced abortion |
| An organism’s entire genetic inheritance, or genetic potential. | Genotype |
| the observable characteristic of a person, including appearance, personality, intelligence, and all other traits. | Phenotype |
| environmental factors that affect genes & genetic expression; enhancing, halting, shaping, or altering the expression of genes, resulting in a phenotype that may differ markedly from the genotype. | Epigentics |
| originate from one zygote, and share 100% genes. | Monozygotic (identical) twins |
| 2 separate zygotes (2 ovum, each fertilized by different sperm) and share 50% of their genes. Account for about 2/3 of all twins. | Dizygotic (fraternal) twins |
| 3 chromosomes at the 21st position; thus, 47 chromosomes vs. the usual 46 chromosomes | Down Syndrome (trisomony-21) |
| uncontrollable tics and verbal outbursts; usually begins around the age of 5; affects ~ 1:250 children. | Tourette Syndrome |
| fatal central nervous system disorder; usually exhibits in middle age. ~ 50% chance their children will also have the disease. The symptoms reveal themselves later in life, after usual childbearing years. | Huntington's disease |
| a genetic disorder in which part of the X chromosome seems to be attached to the rest of it by a very thin string of molecules. | Fragile X Syndrome |
| A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype. And generally, only when the gene is inherited from both parents does the characteristic appear in the phenotype. | A Carrier |
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