Sociology 1301 Ch 1 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Anomie	Durkheim’s term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective.
Applied sociology	The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations. Example: studying connections between illegal drug use and the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Basic (pure) sociology	Sociological inquiry conducted with the objective of gaining a more profound knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena. Also known as pure sociology.
Clinical sociology	The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships (as in family therapy)or restructuring social institutions (as in the reorganization of a medical center). Example: Durkheim and suicide research.
Conflict perspective	A sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups. This approach has become increasingly persuasive since late 1960s.
Dramaturgical approach	A view of social interaction popularized by Erving Goffman in which people are seen as theatrical performers.
Dysfunction	An element or a process of society that may disrupt a social system or reduce its stability. Can be negative or positive in nature. Example: Prison gangs can be functional for prison security.
Feminist view	A sociological approach that views inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization.
Functionalist perspective	A sociological approach that emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability.
Globalization	The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.
Ideal type	A construct or model for evaluating specific cases.
Interactionist perspective	A sociological approach that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole.
Latent function	Unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes.
Macrosociology	Sociological investigation that concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations.
Manifest function	Open, stated, and conscious function.
Microsociology	Sociological investigation that stresses the study of small groups, often through experimental means.
Natural science	The study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change.
Nonverbal communication	The sending of messages through the use of gestures, facial expressions, and postures.
Science	The body of knowledge obtained by methods based upon systematic observation.
Social inequality	A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, and power.
Social science	The study of the social features of humans and the ways in which they interact and change.
Sociological imagination	An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society, both today and in the past.
Sociology	The systematic study of social behavior and human groups.
Theory	In sociology, a set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior.
Verstehen	The German word for “understanding” or “insight”; used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective meanings people attach to their actions. Coined by Spencer.
functionalist perspective	views society as a living organism in which each part contributes to its survival. Parsons was a key figure in this development.
conflict perspective	views the social world as being in continual struggle. Karl Marx viewed the struggle as inevitable, given the exploitation of workers under capitalism.
feminist perspective	views inequality in gender as central to all behavior and organization. Often allied with the conflict perspective.Focuses on macro-level relationships, like conflict theory.
interactionist perspective	primarily concerned with the fundamental or everyday forms of interaction, including symbols and nonverbal communication.
George Herbert Mead	(1863-1931) first developed interactionism in the United States and is regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective.
Talcott Parsons	(1902-1979) was greatly influenced by the work of Durkheim, Weber, and other European sociologists. Key developer of functionalist theory.
Karl Marx	views the social world as being in continual, inevitable struggle, given the exploitation of workers under capitalism.
Applied sociology	the use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations.
Clinical sociology	dedicated to altering social relationships or to restructuring social institutions
basic sociology	seeks a more profound knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena.
C. Wright Mills	Sociological Imagination
Sociological Imagination	It allows us to look beyond a limited understanding of things and people in theworld, and allows for a broader vision of society.
natural sciences (examples)	Astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, and physics
social sciences (examples)	Sociology, anthropology, economics, history, psychology, and political science
Sociology v. Common Sense	C.S.is often unreliable & inaccurate; Soc. tests, records, and analyzes information scientifically.
Sociological Theory	set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behaviors. Effective theory may be both explanatory and predictive. Example: Durkheim’s theory on suicide.
Functionalist Perspective	In the view of functionalists, society is like a living organism in which each part
Functionalism	emphasizes the way that parts of a society are structured to
Robert Merton	described manifest functions as open, stated, conscious
Latent functions (example)	are unconscious or unintended functions, which mayreflect a hidden purpose. Example: Universities hold down unemployment and serve as meeting grounds for people to form new relationships.
Dysfunctions	element or process of a society that may disrupt the social system or reduce its social stability.can be negative or positive in nature. Example: Prison gangs can be functional for prison security.
Theory in Practice	Illustrates how the sociological perspectives are useful for understanding today’s issues.
Research in Action	Direct application to improving people’s lives.
Significance of Social Inequality	condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power. It often shapes behavior.
Conflict Perspective	Assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension. Approach has become increasingly persuasive since late 1960s.
Marxist View	• Exploitation of workers under capitalism.• Emphasis on social change and redistribution of resources. • Considered more radical and activist than functionalists.
African-American View	Contends knowledge is essential to combat prejudice and discrimination. Dubois founded NAACP.
W.E.B. Du Bois	Black sociologist who advocated for researchers to view society through the eyes of those who rarely influence the decision-making processes. Helped to found the NAACP.
Interactionist Perspective	Generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole. It is a sociological framework for viewing human beings as living in a world of meaningful objects.
George Herbert Mead	regarded as the founder of interactionism.
Interactionist Perspective (example)	Symbols are important in human communication. Example: A salute or a clenched fist.Nonverbal communications can include facial gestures, expressions, and postures.
dramaturgical approach	Compares everyday life to actors performing on a stage. Example: projecting a serious image in class and a party image with friends.
Erving Goffman	popularized the dramaturgical approach
Sociological Approach	• Sociology makes use of all the perspectives. • No one approach is the correct one. Perspectives may often overlap, and they can also diverge.
Theory	a set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behaviors.Effective theory may be both explanatory and predictive. Example: Durkheim’s theory on suicide.
Sociological Theory	An essential task in building sociological theory is to examine the relationship between bits of data that are gathered through research and that may seem completely unrelated.
Durkheim	His Sociological Theory research suggested that, while a solitary act, suicide is related to group life. Suicide rates reflect the extent to which people are integrated into the group life of society (Catholics and Protestants).
Sociology v. Common Sense	• Common sense: often unreliable & inaccurate. Ex: Young people are becoming more religious. [Surveys of college students show decline in religious behavior.] • Sociology: tests, records, analyzes info scientifically to describe & understand soc. environ.
science	the body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation.
Natural science	the study of the physical features of nature. Ex: Astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, and physics are natural sciences.
C. Wright Mills	described sociological imagination as the ability to view one’s own society as an outsider. Example: What constitutes a normal sporting event is different in the United States than it is in Bali.
Sociological Imagination	type of creative thinking which allows us to look beyond a limited understanding of things and people in the world, and allows for a broader vision of society.
Social science	study of the social features of human society.emphasizes the influence that society has on people’s attitudes and behaviors, and examines the ways in whichpeople interact and shape society. Example: how sociologists and other social scientists study event
Social sciences (examples)	Sociology,anthropology, economics, history, psychology, and political science

Created by: goldlis