Biology Accel Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| heredity: | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| the scientific study of heredity is known as: | genetics |
| blending inheritance: | where both parents contributed factors that were blended in offspring |
| gregor mendel (1800's): | austrian monk |
| gregor mendel worked with garden peas: flowers ____ ______ | self-fertilized (pollen fertilized egg before flower opened) |
| all peas were true-breeding: | seeds had same characteristic as single parent plant |
| mendel cross-pollinated the plants: | he selected plants with different traits to breed together |
| mendel studied traits: | 7 unique traits were studied |
| trait: | a specific characteristic that varies from one to another |
| mendel crossed plants with 7 contrasting characteristics and studied offspring. example: | round x wrinkled, yellow x green, tall x short |
| original pair of plants were called P ___ offspring were called F1 ___ | parental; first filial |
| hybrids: | the results of crosses between parents with different traits |
| when crossing two different parents what were the offspring like? P: tall x short F1: | all were tall |
| inherited traits are determined by: today these factors are called ____ | factors that are passed from one generation to the next; genes |
| alleles: (example gene for tall plant, gene for short plant) | different forms of gene - each is given a letter |
| the principle of dominance: | some alleles are dominant, other are recessive |
| if an organism had a ___ of an allele for a trait, _______. (dominant alleles are written with a capital letter) | dominant form; the organism will always have form |
| if an organism has a ___ of a trait, it will only show if ______. (recessive alleles are written with a lower-case letter) | recessive form; the dominant allele is present |
| principle of segregation: during _____, alleles are ___ from each other so that each gamete carries only a ____. | gamete formation; segregated; single copy of each gene |
| the alleles are ______. | paired up again when gametes fuse during fertilization |
| probability: | the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| what is the probability of flipping heads twice? | 1/2*1/2 or 1/4 |
| the principles of probability can be used to predict the ____. | outcomes of genetic crosses |
| we can determine the probable results of a genetic cross by drawing a _____. | punnett square |
| homozygous: | having two of the same allele |
| heterozygous: | having two different alleles |
| phenotype: | physical characteristics of an organism |
| genotype: | genetic makeup of an individual EX: TT or tt- the letters |
| if a plant has a tall ____ it can have one of two ____ EX: phenotype: genotype: | phenotype; genotype; tall plant; TT or Tt |
| the larger the number of individuals in the sample, ______. | the more accurate the ratios come out |
| the two-factor cross: | two traits |
| principle of independent assortment: | genes for different traits can be segregated independently during the formation of gametes |
| incomplete dominance: the heterozygous phenotype is in between ______. | one allele isn't completely dominant over another; 2 homozygous phenotypes |
| co-dominance: example: in cattle read hair and white hair are codominant. _______ | both alleles contribute to the phenotype; cattle with both are roan |
| multiple alleles: | some genes have more than just 2 alleles. EX: human blood has 3; ABO |
| polygenic traits: | many traits are controlled by 2 or more genes EX: human height, skin, color |
| sex-linkage: | the pair of sex chromosomes x and y determine the gender of an individual |
| autosome: | the chromosomes that are the same in males and femals |
| sex chromosome: | the 'mismatched' chromosomes that determine the gender of the organism |
| how is the sex of the offspring determined? in animals such as fruit flies and humans, _______. | the pair of sex chromosomes x and y determine the gender of an individual |
| genes on sex chromosomes: | a gene is located on one of the sex chromosomes is said to be sex-linked |
| where in the cell are the factors that control heredity? where are the genes? | genes; DNA in nucleus |
| chromosomal theory of heredity: | genes occupy specific positions on chromosomes; chromosomes undergo independent assortment and segregation |
| linked genes: | genes are linked together in chromosomes |
| linkage groups: | genes close together are likely to be inherited together |
| thomas hunt morgan: worked with _____ | drosophila melanogaster-fruit flies |
| why don't all of the offspring have the same genotypes as their parents? | because of crossing over |
| crossing over: | during meiosis- exchange of information between homologous chromosomes |
| crossing over breaks _______. | linkages on genes |
| gene map: | a diagram of chromosomes showing relative locations of genes |
| genes close together are ______. | likely to be inherited together |
| genes far apart separated by ________. | crossing over |
Created by:
pogs89