Bisecting-the-Angle. Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
The bisecting technique aka	Bisecting-the-angle technique; short-cone technique
Definition of Bisecting-the-angle technique	An intraoral radiographic technique that provides a complete image of the tooth or teeth and 3-4 mm of surrounding tissue;
Advantages of Bisecting-the-Angle Technique	More comfortable for the pt, since small bite blocks can be used instead of bulky receptor holders that are necessary for the paralleling technique
Disadvantages of Bisecting-the-Angle Technique	The image projected on the receptor has dimensional distortion; More bodily tissues are exposed as a result of greater vertical angulation (lens of the eye, thyroid)
Dimensional Distortion with the Bisecting-the-Angle Technique	Paralleling: dimensional accuracy; Bisecting-the-angle: dimensional distortion; foreshortening of objects farthest from the film
Angle, Definition	Figure that is formed by two lines diverging or separating from a common point;
Bisect, Definition	To divide into two equal parts;
Long Axis of the Tooth, Definition	Imaginary Line that divides the tooth vertically into two equal parts;
Central Ray, Definition	Central portion of the primary beam from the x-ray tubehead
Bisecting-the-Angle Technique is based on the	rule of isometry (two triangles are equal if they have two equal angles and share a common side)
Principles of the Bisecting-the-Angle Technique	Theintraoral rcptr is placd alongthe lingl srfce oftooth (edge ofthrcptr touches theincsl/occl portion ofthetooth) *the radigrphr must vislze a line that divds/bisects theangle formed bythe image receptr & thelong axis ofthetooth(line is imagnry bisector)
The central ray in bisecting-the-angle technique is directed...	perpendicular to the imaginary bisector
Snap-A-Ray receptor holding device can be used for what techniques/ areas of the mouth	Snap-A-Ray can be used for bisecting, or paralleling in the mandibular premolar area
Correct Horizontal Angulation	Central ray is directed through the contact areas of the teeth to open the contacts (Paralleling, bisecting, and bitewing techniques all follow this principle)
Incorrect Horizontal Angulation results in	Overlapped contact areas Superimposition of tooth surfaces
Bisecting Technique. Vertical Angulation	Vertical angulation is determined by the imaginary bisector Central ray is directed perpendicular (at a right angle) to the imaginary bisector When vertical angulation is correct, the image formed on the film is the same length as the tooth.
Foreshortening in Bisecting-the-Angle technique is caused by	excessive vertical angulation
Elongation in Bisecting-the-Angle technique is caused by	insufficient vertical angulation;
Bisecting-the-Angle Technique. Errors associated with receptor positioning	*Not touching the edge of the receptor to the lingual surface of the tooth Result: distortion of image(s)
Bisecting-the-Angle Technique: Errors associated with cone (PID) positioning	Incorrect vertical angulation (elongation, foreshortening) Incorrect horizontal angulation (Overlapping, Cone cutting)
Bisecting-the-Angle Technique: Patient Positioning	Occlusal plane parallel with the floor for both maxillary and mandibular films
Receptor Positioning	Film is positioned close to the tooth with the incisal or occlusal end of the film touching the tip of the tooth
Bitewing Radiographs, definition	Intraoral radiographic technique that produces an image of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in occlusion, and the crestal alveolar bone
Bitewing Radiographs, purpose	To detect interproximal caries and examine the interproximal crestal bone levels
Interproximal, define	between two adjacent surfaces
Bitewing image, define	Receptor used in the interproximal examination that has a “wing” or tab
Crestal Bone (alveolar crest)	Coronal portion of alveolar bone that is located between the teeth;
Coronal portion of the alveolar bone that is located between the teeth;	Crestal bone (alveolar crest)
Contact area	Area of the tooth that touches an adjacent tooth
Principles of the Bitewing Technique	Receptor is placed parallel to the crowns of the max & mand teeth; Receptor is stabilized when the pt bites down on the tab: *Central Ray of the X-Ray beam is directed to open the contact areas between the teeth, using a +8 degree vertical angulation
Patient Positioning for Posterior Bitewing Technique	Occlusal plane of the maxilla parallel w/the floor
Receptor Positioning for premolar bitewing	Include at least the distal surfaces of the cuspid (entire mandibular cuspid if possible)
Receptor Positioning for molar bitewing	One tooth's width past the most posterior molar;
Bitewing; Cone (PID) Positioning	Vertical Angulation, cone points slightly downward;
Bitewing; Horizontal angulation (Cone (PID) positioning) must	open the contact areas between the teeth; determined by using the q-tip positioned between the guide teeth;
How is horizontal angulation determined for premolar bitewing	Determined by using a Q-tip positioned between guide teeth; Place Q-tip between mandibular premolars
How is horizontal angulation determined for molar bitewing?	Determined by using a Q-tip positioned between guide teeth; place Q-tip between maxillary first and second molars;
Cone (PID) Positioning, Premolar BW; Covering the Entire Receptor	Premolar BW: Position the PID anteriorly enough to cover the maxillary and mandibular cuspids and lateral incisors; /commisure in the middle of the cone; *middle of the cone directed @ the level of the occlusal plane;
Cone (PID) Positioning, Molar BW; Covering the Entire Receptor	Molar BW: Position the PID anteriorly enough to capture the maxillary and mandibular second premolars; Anterior portion of the cone is at the commisure; Middle of the cone directed at the level of the occlusal plane
Common Errors associated w/the BW technique	Incorrect Receptor Placement; Cone positioning errors (Overlapping, Negative vertical angulation); Overexposed receptor; Underexposed receptor
Common Errors associated w/the BW technique. INCORRECT RECEPTOR PLACEMENT	Mesial surfaces of 1st premolars are missed; Distal surfaces of most posterior molars are missed; *"uphill/downhill" caused by receptor rotation;
Error characterized as such is caused by: Mesial surfaces of 1st premolars are missed; Distal surfaces of most posterior molars are missed; *"uphill/downhill" caused by receptor rotation;	BW Technique. Incorrect Receptor Placement
Common Errors associated w/the BW technique. CONE POSITIONING ERRORS	Overlapping (superimposition of tooth surfaces caused by incorrect horizontal angulation); Negative vertical angulation
Errors characterized as such are caused by: Overlapping (superimposition of tooth surfaces caused by incorrect horizontal angulation); Negative vertical angulation	Cone positioning errors
BW Technique. Overlapping is caused by...	incorrect horizontal angulation
BW Technique. Uphill/downhill is caused by	dropped receptor corner
BW Technique. Negative Vertical Angulation, error characterized as:	Cone (PID) was pointed upward; Occlusal surfaces of maxillary teeth can be viewed; *Apical areas of mandibular teeth may be seen
Overexposed Receptor appears... Causes"	Overexposed receptor appears dark. Causes: Exposure time too long; kVp setting too high; *mA setting too high
Underexposed receptor appears... Causes:	Underexposed receptor appears light. Causes: Exposure time too short; kVp setting too low; *mA setting too low
A conventional film exposed to light appears black after processing is... (what type of error? cause)	Exposure error. Cause: exposure to white light
An unexposed film/receptor appears clear after processing/scanning (what type of error? cause)	Exposure Error; Cause: Electrical failure, x-ray machine wasn't turned on, malfunction of the machine
Cone Cutting, describe	Entire receptor was not covered by PID; The border can appear fuzzy or have a distinct line;
This describes what type of error: Entire receptor was not covered by PID; The border can appear fuzzy or have a distinct line;	Cone Cutting, it is a Technique Error
Bent receptor causes distortion of images on the receptor. Cause:	Excessive bending of receptor due to curvature of hard palate;
Excessive bending of receptor due to curvature of hard palate may cause:	Bent receptor causes distortion of images on the receptor;
Film creasing (crease - складка, загиб,) caused by	Creased conventional film caused by cracked film emulsion
Double exposure, describe, what type of error	The same receptor was exposed twice in more than one area; Technique error
What type of error is this: The same receptor was exposed twice in more than one area;	Double Exposure, Technique error;
Herringbone pattern and a light image appear when the film is placed in the mouth backwards, known as	Reversed Conventional Film, Technique Error
Reversed Conventional Film, describe, what type of error	Herringbone pattern and a light image appear when the film is placed in the mouth backwards;

Created by: EdmondDantes