BOC 2011 CHEMISTRY Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Following overnight fasting, hypoglycemia in adults is defined as a glucose of:	<=45 mg/dL (<=2.5 mmol/L)
The following results are from a 21-year-old patient with a back injury who appears otherwise healthy: Whole blood glucose: 77 mg/dL (4.2 mmol/L) Serum glucose: 88 mg/dL (4.8 mmol/L) CSF glucose: 56 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L) The best interpretation is th	all values are consistent with a normal healthy individual
The preparation of a patient for standard glucose tolerance testing should include:	a high carbohydrate diet for 3 days
If fasting glucose was 90 mg/dL, which of the following 2-hour posprandial glucose results would most closely represent normal glucose metabolism?	100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L)
A healthy person with a blood glucose of 80 mg/dL (4.4mmol/L) would have a simultaneously determined cerebrospinal fluid glucose value of:	50 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L)
A 25-years-old man became nauseated and vomited 90 minutes after receiving a standard 75 g carbohydrate dose for an oral glucose tolerance test. The best course of actions to:	draw blood for glucose and discontinue test
Cerebrospinal fluid for glucose assay should be:	analyzed immediately
Which of the following 2 hours postprandial glucose values demonstrates unequivocal hyperglycemia diagnostic for diabetes mellitus?	200 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L)
Serum levels that define hypoglycemia in pre-term or low birth weight infants are:	lower than adults
A 45-year-old woman has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 95 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L)and a 2-hour postprandial glucose concentration of 105 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). The statement which best describes this patient's fasting serum glucose concentration is:	normal; refleting glycogen breakdown by the liver
Pregnant women with symptoms of thirst, frequent urination or unexplained weight loss should have which of the following tests performed?	glucose tolerance test
In fasting state, the arterial and capillary blood glucose concentration varies from the venous glucose concentration by approximately how many mg/dL (mmol/L)?	5 mg/dL (0.27 mmol/L) higher
The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called:	glycolysis
Wlhich one of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test are diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?	fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L)
The glycated hemoglobin value represents the integrated values of glucose concentration during the preceding:	6-8 weeks
Monitoring long-term glucose control in patients with adult onset diabetes mellitus can best be accomplished by measuring:	hemoglobin A1C
A patient with Type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has the following results: Fasting blood glucose: 150 mg/dL (70-110 mg/dL) Hemoglobin A1C: 8.5% (4.0%-6.0%) Fructosamine: 2.5 mmol/L (2.0-2.9 mmol/L) The technologist concluded that the pati	improving state of metabolic control as indicated by fructosamine
Total glycosylated hemoglobin levels in a hemolysate reflect the:	average blood glucose levels of the past 2-3 months
Which of the following hemoglobin has glucose-6-phosphate on the amino-terminal valine of the beta chain?	A1c
A patient with hemolytic anemia will:	show a decrease in glycated Hgb value
In using ion-exchange chromatographic methods, falsely increased levels of HgbA1c might be demonstrated in the presence of:	Hgb S
An increase in serum acetone is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of:	carbohydrates
An infant with diarrhea is being evaluated for cabohydrate intolerance. His stool yields a positive copper reduction test and a pH of 5.0. It should be concluded that:	further tests are indicated
Blood samples were collected at the beginning of an exercise class and after thirty minutes of aerobic activity. Which of the following would be most consistent with the post-exercise sample?	elevated lactic acid, elevated pyruvate
What is the best method to diagnose lactase deficiency?	H2 breath test
The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match the pattern of:	metabolic acidosis
Severe diarrhea causes:	metabolic acidosis
The following blood gas results were obtained: pH: 7.18 PO2: 86 mm Hg PCO2: 60mm Hg O2 saturation: 92% HCO3: 7921 mEq/L (21 mmol/L) TCO2: 23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L) base excess: -8.0 mEq/L The patient results are compatible with which of the following?	emphysema
Factors that contribute to a PCO2 electrode requiring 60-120 seconds to reach equilibrium include the:	diffusion characteristics of the membrane
An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is likely to be in what metabolic state?	respiratory acidosis
At blood pH 7.40, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid?	20:1
The reference range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37 C is:	7.35-7.45
A 68-year-old man arrives in the emergency room with a glucose level of 722 mg/dL(39.7 mmol/L) and serum acetone of 4+ undiluted. An arterial blood gas from this patient is likely to be:	low pH
A patient is admitted to the emergency room in a state of metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following would be consistent with this diagnosis?	high TCO2, increased HCO3
A person suspected of having metabolic alkalosis would have which of the following laboratory findings?	CO2 content and pH elevated
Metabolic acidosis is described as a(n):	decrease in CO2 content and PCO2 with a decreased pH
Respiratory acidosis is described as a(n):	increase in CO2 content and PCO2 with decreased pH
A common cause of respiratory alkalosis is:	hyperventilation
Acidosis and alkalosis are best defined as fluctuations in blood pH and CO2 content due to changes in:	bicarbonate buffer
A blood gas sample was sent to the lab on ice, and a bubble was present in the syringe. The blood had been exposed to room air for at least 30 minutes. The following change in blood gases will occur:	PO2 increased/HCO3 decreased
The following laboratory results were obtained: Serum electrolytes: sodium: 136 mEq/L, potassium: 4.4 mEq/L, Chloride: 92 mEq/L, bicarbonate: 40 mEq/L Arterial Blood: pH 7.3, PCO2 79mm Hg These results are most compatible with:	respiratory acidosis
Select the test which evaluates renal tubular function.	osmolarity
A patient had the following serum results: Na: 140 mEq/L K: 4.0 mEq/L glucose: 95 mg/dL BUN: 10 mg/dL Which osmolality is consistent wiht these results:	270
The degree to which the kidney concentrates the glomerular filtrate can be determined by:	urine to serum osmolality ratio
Osmolal gap is the difference between:	calculated and measured osmolality values
The most important buffer pair in plasma is the:	bicarbonate/carbonic acid pair
Quantitation of Na and K by ion-selective electrode is the standard method because:	of advances in electrochemistry
What battery of tests is most useful in evaluating an anion gap od 22 mEq/L (22mmol/L)?	BUN, creatinine, salicylate and methanol
A patient with myeloproliferative disorder has the following values: Hgb: 13 g/ dL Hct: 38% WBC: 30X10 3 platelets: 1000x10 serum Na: 140 mEq/L serum K: 7 mEq/L The serum K should be confirmed by:	testing heparinized plasma
Most of the carbon dioxide present in blood is in the form of:	bicarbonate ion
Serum "anion gap" is increased in patients with:	lactic acidosis
The anion gap is useful for quality control of laboratory results for:	sodium, potassium, chloride, and total CO2
The buffering capacity of blood is maintained by a reversible exchange process between bicarbonate and:	chloride
In respiratory acidosis, a compensatory mechanism is the increase in:	plasma bicarbonate concentration
Which of the following electrolytes is the chief plasma cation whose main function is maintaining osmotic pressure?	sodium
A potassium level of 6.8 mEq/L (6.8mmol/L)is obtained. Before reporting the results, the first step the technologist should take is to:	check the serum for hemolysis
The solute that contributes the most to the total serum osmolality is:	sodium
A sweat chloride result of 55 mEq/L (55 mmol/L)were obtained on a patient who has a history of respiratory problems. The best interpretation of these results is:	borderline results, the test should be repeated
Which of the following is true about direct ion selective electrodes for electrolytes?	whole blood specimen are acceptable
Sodium determination by indirect ion selective electrode is falsely decreased by:	elevated lipid levels
A physician requested that electrolytes on a multiple myeloma patient specimen be run by direct ISE and not indirect ISE because:	Na is falsely decreased by indirect ISE
Which percentage of total serum calcium is nondiffusible protein bound?	40%-50%
Calcium concentration in the serum is regulated by:	parathyroid hormone
The regulation of calcium and phosphorous metabolism is accomplished by which of the following glands?	parathyroid
A patient has the following test results: increased serum calcium levels decreased serum phosphate levels increased levels of parathyroid hormone This patient most likely has:	hyperparathyroidism
A hospitalized patient is experiencing increased neuromuscular irritability(tetany). Which of the following tests should be ordered immediately?	calcium
Which of the following is most likely to be ordered in addition to serum calcium to determine the cause of tetany?	magnesium
A reciprocal relationship exists between:	calcium and phosphate
Fasting serum phosphate concentration is controlled primarily by the:	parathyroid glands
A low concentration of serum phosphorus is commonly found in:	patients who are receiving carbohydrate hyperalimentation
The following laboratory results were obtained: serum: Calcium increased, Alkaline phosphate decreased, Alkaline phosphatase normal or increased. Urine: Calcium increased, Alkaline phosphate increased. These results are most compatible with:	primary hyperparathyroidism
The primary function of serum albumin in the peripheral blood is to:	maintain colloidal osmotic pressure
In a pleural effusion caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, the protein value of the pleural fluid as compared to the serum value would probable be:	decreased by 1/2
The first step in analyzing a 24-hour urine specimen for quantitative urine protein is:	measure the total volume
When performing a manual protein analysis on a xanthochromic spinal fluid, the technician should:	make a patient blank
The direction in which albumin migrates (ie, toward anode or cathode) during electrophoretic separation of serum proteins, at pH 8.6, is determined by	the ionization of the carboxyl groups, yielding a net negative charge
The protein that has the highest dye-binding capacity is:	albumin
Refer to the following illustration: The serum protein electrophoresis pattern shown bellow was obtained on cellulose acetate at pH 8.6. ----illustration Identify the serum protein fraction on the left of the illustration.	albumin
The biuret reaction for the analysis of serum protein depends on the number of:	peptide bonds
In electrophoresis of proteins, when the sample is placed in an electric field connected to a buffer of pH 8.6, all of the proteins:	have a negative charge
The relative migration rate of proteins on cellulose acetate is based on:	ionic charge
The cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.6 of serum proteins will show an order of migration beginning with the fastest migration as follows:	albumin,alpha-1 globulin, alpha-2 globulin, beta globulin, gammma globulin
Which of the following amino acids is associated with sulfhydryl group?	cysteine
Maple syrup urine disease is characterized by an increase in which of the following urinary amino acids?	valine, leucine and isoleucine
Increased serum albumin concentrations are seen in which of the following conditions?	dehydration
The following data was obtained from a cellulose acetate protein electrophoresis scan: albumin area: 75 units gamma globulin area: 30 units total area: 180 units total protein: 6.5 g/dL (65g/L) The gamma globulin content in g/dL is:	1.1 g/dL (11g/L)
A patient is admitted with biliary cirrhosis. If a serum protein electrophoresis is performed, which of the following globulin fractions willbe most elevated?	gamma
Which of the following serum protein fractions is most likely to be elevated in patients with nephrotic syndrome?	alpha-2 globulin
Refer to the following illustration: Total protein 7.3g/dL (6.0-8.0 g/dL) Albumin 4.2g/dL (3.6-5.2g/dL) Alpha-1 0.0g/dL (0.1-0.4g/dL) Alpha-2 0.9g/dL (0.4-1.0g/dL) Beta 0.8g/dL (0.5-1.2g/dL) Gammma 1.4g/dL (0.6-1.6g/dL) The electrophoresis patter	alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; severe emphysema
Refer to the following illustration: Total protein 8.9/dL (6.0-8.0 g/dL) Albumin 4.8g/dL (3.6-5.2g/dL) Alpha-1 0.3g/dL (0.1-0.4g/dL) Alpha-2 0.7g/dL (0.4-1.0g/dL) Beta 0.8g/dL (0.5-1.2g/dL) Gammma 2.3g/dL (0.6-1.6g/dL) The serum protein electroph pattern:	monoclonal gammopathy
Refer to the following illustration: Total protein 6.1g/dL (6.0-8.0 g/dL) Albumin 2.3g/dL (3.6-5.2g/dL) Alpha-1 0.2g/dL (0.1-0.4g/dL) Alpha-2 0.5g/dL (0.4-1.0g/dL) Beta 1.2g/dL (0.5-1.2g/dL) Gammma 1.9g/dL (0.6-1.6g/dL) The pattern is consistent	cirrhosis
A characteristic of the Bence Jones protein that is used to distinguish it from other urinary proteins is its solubility:	at 100C
The electrophoretic pattern of plasma sample as compared to a serum sample shows a:	sharp fibrinogen peak
At a pH of 8.6 the gamma globulins move toward the cathode, despite the fact that they are negatively charged. what is this phenomenon called?	endosmosis
Refer to the following illustration: Total protein 7.8g/dL (6.0-8.0 g/dL) Albumin 3.0g/dL (3.6-5.2g/dL) Alpha-1 0.4g/dL (0.1-0.4g/dL) Alpha-2 1.8g/dL (0.4-1.0g/dL) Beta 0.5g/dL (0.5-1.2g/dL) Gammma 1.1g/dL (0.6-1.6g/dL) The serum protein electrop	acute inflammation
Refer to the following illustration: Total protein 8.5g/dL (6.0-8.0 g/dL) Albumin 4.3g/dL (3.6-5.2g/dL) Alpha-1 0.3g/dL (0.1-0.4g/dL) Alpha-2 0.7g/dL (0.4-1.0g/dL) Beta 0.9g/dL (0.5-1.2g/dL) Gammma 2.3g/dL (0.6-1.6g/dL) The above serum protein	polyclonal gammopathy (eg,chronic inflammation)
Analysis of CSF for oligoclonal bands is used to screen for which of the following diseases states?	multiple sclerosis
The identification of Bence Jones protein is best accomplished by:	immunofixation
Total iron-binding capacity measures the serum iron transporting capacity of:	transferrin
The first step in the quantitation of serum iron is:	separation of iron from transferring
A patient's blood was drwan at 8 am for a serum iron determination. The result was 85 ug/dL (15.2umol/L). A repeat specimen was drawn at 8 pm; the serum was stored at 4 C and run the next morning. The result was 40 ug/dL (7.2 umol/L. These results are	the time fo day the second specimen was drawn
An elevated serum iron with normal iron binding capacity is most likely associated with:	pernicious anemia
Decreased serum iron associated with increased TIBC is compatible with which of the following disease states?	iron deficiency anemia
A patient has the following results: serum iron: 250ug/dL (60-150ug/dL) TIBC: 350 ug/dL (300-350ug/dL) The best conclusion is that this patient has:	iron hemochromatosis
To assure an accurate ammonia level results, the specimens should be:	spun, separated iced, and tested immediately
Erroneous ammonia levels can be eliminated by all of the following except:	storing the specimens protected from light until the analysis is done
A critically ill patient becomes comatose. The physician believes the coma is due to hepatic failure. The assay most helpful in this dignosis is:	ammonia
A serum sample demonstrates an elevated results when tested with the Jaffe reaction. This indicates:	renal functional impairment
In order to prepare 100 mL of 15 mg/dL BUN (5.35mmol/L) working standard from a stock standard containing 500 mg/dL(178.5 mmol/L)of urea nitrogen, the number of mL of stock solution that should be used is:	3 ml
A patient with glomerulonephritis is most likely to present with the following serum results:	BUN increased
The principle excretory form of nitrogen is:	urea
In the Jaffe reaction, creatinine reacts with:	alkaline picrate solution to yield an orange-red complex
Creatinine clearance is used to estimate the:	glomerular filtration rate
A blood creatinine value of 5.0 mg/dL (442.0 umol/L) is most likely to be found with which of the following blood values?	urea nitrogen: 80mg/dL (28.56 mmol/L)
Technical problems encountered during the colletion of an amniotic fluid specimen caused doubt as to whether the specimen was amniotic in origin. Which 1 of the following procedures would best establish that the fluid is amniotic in origin?	creatinine measurement
Which of the following represents the end product of purine metabolism in humans?	uric acid

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