MBC - Lecture 53 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Lecture 53 | Pyrimidine Metabolism |
UMP is the parent nucleotide for ___ and ___. | CTP and dTMP |
Formation of UMP is through ___ steps/reactions. | 6 |
Not all reactions are ___ in formation of UMP. | cytosolic |
UMP is not built on a PRPP donated ___. | ribosyl-5-phosphate |
PRPP donating ribosyl-5-phosphate is the ___ step in making UMP. | last |
UMP is forms to ___ before making CTP. | UTP |
Biosynthesis of carbamoyl phosphate is by ___. | CPS II |
CPS II works in the ___, and uses ___. | cytosol, glutamine |
Regulated step in pyrimidine synthesis is ___. | CPS II |
CPS II is actvated by ___. | PRPP |
Synthesis of UMP uses two multifunctional ___. | enzymes |
CAD is encoded by ___ gene(s). | 1 gene |
Enzymes in CAD are ___, ___, and ___. | Carbamoyl phosphate synthase II, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase. |
Enzymes in UMP synthase are ___ and ___. | orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and OMP decarboxylase |
___ donates C4-6 and N1 to the pyrimidine structure. | Aspartate |
___ donates C2 to the pyrimidine structure. | HCO3- (Bicarbonate) |
___ donates N3 to the pyrimidine structure. | Glutamine amide |
Hereditary orotic aciduria leads to anemia because of: | RBC synthesis’ high demand for DNA synthesis |
Hereditary orotic aciduria causes anemia and ___. | growth retardation |
UTP and CTP both negatively feedback to ___. | CPS II |
___ and ___ up-regulate CPS II. | ATP and PRPP |
Orotic Aciduria, Type I | Defective UMP synthase (both), autosomal recessive, orotic acid crystalluria, FTT, megaloblastic anemia, immunodeficiency |
Orotic Aciduria, Type II | Defective UMP synthase (orotidylate decarboxylase only), autosomal recessive, orotidinuria and orotic aciduria, megaloblastic anemia, treatable with oral uridine |
Ornithine Transcarbamoylase Deficiency | Defective OTC, X-linked recessive, protein intolerance, hepatic encephalopathy, mild orotic acidura |
UMP to UTP is through two ___ steps. | phosphorylation steps (ATP donor) |
CTP Synthase | Catalyzes synthesis of CTP from UTP by substituting keto group for amino group |
The nitrogen donor in CTP synthase is ___, releasing ___. | glutamine, releasing glutamate |
The phosphate donor group in CTP synthase is ___. | ATP |
Pyrimidine nucleosides can be salvaged by ___. | ATP-requiring kinases |
Pyrimidine nucleoside salvaging kinases are: | uridine-cytidine kinase, thymidine kinase, deoxycytidine kinase |
Nucleoside 5’-Diphosphate Reductase (Ribonucleotide Reductase) | Catalyzes synthesis of 2’-deoxyribonucleotide from ribonucleotide (DNA to RNA) |
___, ___, and ___ can be formed directly from its precursors by ribonucleotide reductase and phosphorylation. | dATP, dGTP, and dCTP |
dTTP is not directly synthesized to prevent: | accidental incorporation of dUDP into DNA |
Synthesis of dTTP can be from precursors ___ or ___. | CDP or UDP |
CDP → ___ → ___ → ___ → ___ →→ dTTP | CDP →dCDP → dCMP → dUMP → dTMP →→ dTTP |
UDP → ___ → ___ → ___ →→ DTTP | UDP → dUDP → dUMP → dTMP →→ dTTP |
Thymidylate Synthase | Catalyzes synthesis dTMP from dUMP, requires tetrahydrofolate |
Pyrimidine analogs can block ___. | DNA synthesis |
Cytosine Arabinoside | Leukemia & non-Hodkin lymphoma therapy, AraC → AraCMP → AraCTP into DNA, inhibits strand elongation |
3’-azido-3’-deoxythymidine (AZT) | AZT triphosphate, inhibits HIV DNA polymerase |
Methotrexate is a structural analog of ___. | folic acid |
Methotrexate inhibits ___. | dihydrofolate reductase (synthesis of dihydrofolate from folate or regeneration of dihyrdofolate to tetrahydrofolate) |
___ cells are especially sensitive to dihyrdofolate reductase inhibitors (i.e. methotrexate). | Dividing |
β-aminoisobutyrate excretion measures ___. | DNA breakdown |
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