chapter 3 geol Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
________ was an ancient reptile that lived in South America and Africa during the late Paleozoic.	mesosaurus
In the early part of the twentieth century, ________ argued forcefully for continental drift.	Alfred Wegener
The former late Paleozoic super continent is known as ________.	Pangaea
Today, ________ is in about the same geographic position as during late Paleozoic time.	Antarctica
Which of the following paleoclimatic evidence supports the idea of the late Paleozoic supercontinent in the Southern Hemisphere?	tillites (rocks formed by glaciers) in South Africa and South America
The ________ is an example of an active, continent-continent collision.	northward movement of India into Eurasia
Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with a ________ plate boundary.	divergent
The temperature below which magnetic material can retain a permanent magnetization is called the ________.	Curie point
A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ________.	hot spot
Linear, magnetic patterns associated with mid-ocean ridges are configured as ________.	normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly parallel to the ridge
The ________ is (are) a logical evolutionary analog of the African Rift Valleys ten million years from now.	Red Sea
A typical rate of seafloor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean is ________.	2 centimeters per year
Which of the following energy sources is thought to drive the lateral motions of Earth's lithospheric plates?	export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere
The continental drift hypothesis was rejected primarily because Alfred Wegener could not ________.	identify a mechanism capable of moving continents
All of the following are evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics except for ________.	changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates
_______ was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea.	Islands of Precambrian rocks along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands?	shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate
Which of the following statements apply to the asthenosphere, but not the lithosphere?	zone in the upper mantle that deforms by plastic flowage
New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ________.	divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma
Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ________.	subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries
Deep ocean trenches are surficial evidence for ________.	sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone
A transform plate boundary is characterized by ________.	a deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions
Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory?	Earth's diameter has been essentially constant over time.
The modern-day Red Sea is explained by plate tectonics theory because it is ________.	a rift zone that may eventually open into a major ocean if Arabia and Africa continue to separate
Mount St. Helens and the other Cascade volcanoes are ________.	young, active stratovolcanoes built on a continental margin above a sinking slab of oceanic lithosphere
The volcanoes and deep valleys of east Africa are related to a ________.	continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate
The Aleutian Islands occur at a ________	convergent boundary on a volcanic arc above a northward-subducting Pacific plate
________ most effectively outline the edges of the lithospheric plates.	Lines of earthquake epicenters
Deep-oceanic trenches are most abundant around the rim of the ________ ocean basin.	Pacific
Where would you drill to recover samples of the oldest basalts of the oceanic crust, which are Jurassic in age?	oceanic side of the Aleutian trench
________ first related the symmetrical magnetic patterns in seafloor basalts to seafloor spreading at a mid-ocean ridge.	Vine and Matthews
Early results of the Deep Sea Drilling Project clearly justified the conclusion that ________.	the ocean basins are relatively young; most ocean basin rocks and sediments are Cretaceous or younger in age
Oceanic Ridge - Seafloor Spreading - Arc volcanoes - Divergent	Arc volcanoes
Hawaii - Island Arc - Volcanic arc - subduction	Hawaii
convergent - transform - divergent	transform
fossil evidence - fit of the continents - paleomagnetism - paleoclimates	paleomagnetism
plates are moving apart from one another	divergent
plates are sliding past one another horizontally	transform
curie point - paleomagnetism - magnetic poles - polar wandering	polar wandering
The oldest rocks on the seafloor are much younger than the oldest rocks on the continents.	T
Earth's radius and surface area are slowly increasing to accommodate the new oceanic crust being formed at mid-ocean ridges.	F
Hawaii is the oldest island of the Hawaiian Island chain.	F
The oldest rocks of the oceanic crust are found in deep ocean trenches far away from active, mid-ocean ridges.	T
As the South Atlantic basin widens by seafloor spreading, Africa and South America are moving closer together.	F
As the South Atlantic basin widens by seafloor spreading, Africa and South America are moving closer together.	F
During various times in the geologic past, the polarity of Earth's magnetic field has been reversed.	T
The rate of seafloor spreading is, on the average, about one meter per year.	F
Wegener's continental drift hypothesis was weakened because a viable mechanism for moving the continents was lacking.	T
During the geologic past, the magnetic field poles have generally been very close to Earth's rotational poles.	T
Seafloor spreading rates can be estimated if the geologic ages of the magnetic field reversals are independently known.	T
The volcanoes of Hawaii are localized above a deep mantle hot spot; they are not part of the East Pacific oceanic ridge.	T
Iceland is a good example of an island arc, formed from an oceanic-oceanic plate collision.	F
An extensive, late Paleozoic glaciation affected southern India, southern Africa and southeastern South America. Student	T
The Himalayan Mountains are the tectonic product of a collision between India and Eurasia that began in Eocene time and still continues.	T

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