Personality exam 4 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| Individualistic orientation | Emphasis is put on developing separate identity with own set of likes and dislikes |
| Collectivistic orientation | Emphasis is put on the group or family identity |
| What is valued in individualistic orientation? | Independence, autonomy, and self reliance |
| What is valued in collectivistic orientation? | Interdependence, conformity to group norms, and compliance with authorities |
| Self concept | -Foundation of our sense of identity -Organized and integrated sense of who we are |
| How is self concept affected by culture? | Content and structure |
| How is self concept contextually affected by culture? | -What do I think of myself? -Descriptive statements about the self ("I am...") |
| How is self concept structurally affected by culture? | -Why do I use these categories to describe myself? -Roles or relationships? Stable psychological attributes? |
| Independent self | Uniqueness, autonomous, stable internal attributes are central |
| Interdependent self | Uniqueness not emphasized, connectedness to others, internal attributes important but are not central |
| Incremental self theory | -Abilities and traits are malleable (can be changed) -Attributes are acquired over time -Improvement is possible -Effort is emphasized |
| Entity self theory | -Ability and traits are fixed (cannot be changed) -Attributes are inborn -Change is unlikely |
| Incremental self theory example | -Testing for college (achievement based) -Encounter failure? Attribute it to effort |
| Where is incremental self theory the most common? | More likely in collectivist cultures which emphasize interdependent selves |
| Entity self theory example | -Testing for college (ability based) -Encounter failure? Attribute it to ability |
| Where is entity self theory the most common? | More likely in individualist cultures which emphasize independent selves |
| Where are the more individualistic cultures? | -English speaking countries (US, Great Britain, Australia, Canada) -Western Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Sweden) |
| Where are the more collectivistic cultures? | -Asia (China, Korea, Japan, Malaysia) -Latin America (Brazil, Peru, Argentina) -Africa (Kenya, Tanzania) -Southern Europe (Greece, Turkey) -South Pacific (Cook Islands, Fiji) |
| Similarity in the Big Five across cultures | If something represents an important difference between individuals, then humans around the world should have developed a word for it in their language |
| Differences in the Big Five across cultures | -Mean level differences -May not capture all of the important ways people differ across cultures |
| FFM mean levels (US) | 50 across the board |
| FFM mean levels (France) | O- 54.1 C- 47.4 E- 47.3 A- 52.1 N- 55.4 |
| FFM mean levels (Germany) | O- 56.7 C- 46.7 E- 47.3 A- 49.1 N- 52.8 |
| FFM mean levels (Italy) | O- 52.6 C- 50.4 E- 46.6 A- 48.9 N- 46.6 |
| Chinese Personality Assessment Instrument | -Dependability -Interpersonal relatedness -Social potency -Individualism |
| Dependability (Chinese) | -Overlaps neuroticism -Trustworthiness, optimism, responsibility |
| Interpersonal relatedness (Chinese) | -Does not overlap with anything Relational orientation, harmony, tradition |
| Social potency (Chinese) | -Overlaps extraversion -Leadership, adventurousness, extraversion |
| Individualism (Chinese) | -Overlaps agreeableness -Logic, self orientation, defensiveness |
| Big Five (Filipino) | Big Five plus negative valence and temperamentalness |
| Big Five (Spanish) | -Positive valence -Negative valence -Positive emotion -Negative emotion -Conscientiousness -Agreeableness -Conventionality |
| Personality disorder | Inflexible, and maladaptive patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment |
| How much of the general population has a personality disorder? | .5 to 2.5% |
| Defining features of a personality disorder | -Unusual attributes of personality -Tend to cause problems -Affect social relations -Stable -Ego syntonic (some disorders) |
| Cluster A (personality disorders) | -Odd or eccentric patterns of thinking/perceiving -Disorders of thinking and lack contact with reality -Schizotypal, Schizoid, and Paranoid Personality Disorder |
| Cluster B (personality disorders) | -Impulsive and erratic patterns of behavior -Disorders in relating with others -Histrionic, Antisocial, Narcissistic, and Borderline Personality Disorder |
| Cluster C (personality disorders) | -Anxious and avoidant emotional styles -Disorders of unhappiness and anxiety -Dependent, Avoidant, and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder |
| Schizotypal personality disorder prevalence rates | .6 to 4.6% (slightly more common in males) |
| Antisocial personality disorder prevalence rate | .2 to 3.3% (more common in men than women) |
| Borderline personality disorder prevalence rate | 2% (75% are female) |
| Avoidant personality disorder prevalence rate | 2.4% |
| The Bad Five | -Negative affectivity -Detachment -Antagonism -Disinhibition -Psychoticism |
| Negative affectivity | -Vs. emotional stability -Tendency to feel negative emotions |
| Detachment | -Vs. extraversion -Tendency to withdraw from and avoid emotional contacts with others |
| Antagonism | -Vs. agreeableness -Includes deceitfulness, grandiosity, callousness, and manipulativeness |
| Disinhibition | -Vs. conscientiousness -Includes careless and impulsive behavior, lack of self control |
| Psychoticism | -Vs. openness -Tendency to have bizarre thoughts or experiences and exhibit eccentric or odd behavior |
| Father of Behaviorism | John Watson |
| UCS | Unconditioned stimulus |
| UCR | Unconditioned response |
| CS | Conditioned stimulus |
| CR | Conditioned response |
| Classical conditioning of fear | UCS (loud noise) -> UCR (cry) CS (rabbit) + UCS (loud noise) -> UCR (cry) Eventually CS (rabbit) -> CR (cry) |
| Stimulus generalization | Occurs when a stimulus that is similar to the CS elicits the same response (small furry animal -> cry) |
| Stimulus discrimination | Occurs when a stimulus that is similar to the CS does not elicit the same response (kitten -> no cry) |
| Second order conditioning | Occurs when a stimulus that has been associated with the CS elicits the same response (rabbit's cage -> cry) |
| Operant conditioning | -Behavior that operates on the environment to produce consequences -The nature of the consequence determines if the behavior is repeated in the future |
| Reinforcement | -Strengthens a response -Makes the behavior more likely to be repeated |
| Punishment | -Weakens a response -Makes the behavior less likely to be repeated |
| Rotter's expectancy value theory | Behavioral potential = f(expectancy & reinforcement value) |
| Behavioral potential | Probability in a particular situation that you will perform the behavior |
| Expectancy | Belief about how likely it is that the behavior will attain the goal |
| Reinforcement value | The subjective benefit of the goal (how much the goal or outcome is worth it to you |
| Rotter's expectancy value theory (example) | Likelihood that you will stay to finish the project = f( belief that finishing the project will lead to raise & how much that raise is worth to you) |
| Generalized expectancies | Beliefs about whether anything you will do will produce desired outcomes |
| Specific expectancies | Belief that a certain behavior at a certain time and place will produce the desired outcome |
| Efficacy expectations | -Generalized beliefs about own ability to impact outcomes -Belief that you can accomplish something successfully |
| Impact self efficacy = | Impact motivation and performance |
| Bandura's Reciprocal Determinism Model | The person, behavior, and environment all interact to determine one another |
| Personal factors <--> behavior | What you think, perceive, and intend affects your behavior and your behavior, in turn, affects you personal characteristics |
| Personal factors <--> environment | Personal characteristics evoke different responses from the environment and that, in turn, affects the development of your personal characteristics |
| Environment <--> behavior | Behavior is controlled by the environment and behavior changes the environment |
| What does CAPS stand for? | Cognitive affective personality system |
| CAPS | -What you think about the world is "all important" -Personality is the stable system that guides how we perceive, interpret, and react to social cues. |
| Cognitive and behavioral construction competencies | Mental abilities, behavioral skills, IQ, social skills, creativity, aptitudes, training |
| Encoding strategies and personal constructs | Ideas about how the world is organized or structured |
| Subjective stimulus values | Beliefs about probability of attaining a goal if it was pursued (like expectancies) |
| Self regulatory systems and plans | -Self control, self reinforcement, selection of situations -Control over own thoughts |
| Mischel's CAPS Model (if-then) | -Personality is best conceived of as a set of if-then contingencies -Ex. if sociable person meets stranger, then she will be friendly. If the individual is shy, then she will withdraw -BUT more complicated when you add more situational contingencies |
| Mischel's cognitive person variables | -Cognitive and behavioral construction competencies -Encoding strategies & personal constructs -Subjective stimulus values -Self regulatory systems and plans -Affects |
Created by:
lreyna