Parker-Final Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Flux gain is a measurement of the increase in light photons caused by conversion efficiency of the:	Output screen
The highest energy scatter from the pt during fluoroscopy occurs at a ____ degree angle from the incident beam.	90
The minimum source to skin distance is ____ for stationary fluoroscopic equipment.	15"
Fluoroscopic mA range is commonly ____ mA.	0.05 to 5
During fluoroscopic image intensification, the primary x-ray beam exits the pt & strikes the ______ of the image intensifier.	input screen
The photocathode absorbs ________ & emits _________.	light photons; electrons
The output screen absorbs _______ & emits _________.	electrons; light photons
The input screen is ______ in shape.	concave
Mobile chest radiography should be performed w/the pt:	semi-erect
T/F: Mobile units produce an x-ray beam w/an average photon energy that is quite similar to that of a stationary unit.	False
During mobile radiography, a ________ grid is used which leads to increase latitude.	parallel
Mobile exams are difficult to accomplish because:	there are so many additional variables
During mobile radiography, the radiographer must achieve maximum distance from the:	patient
The more advanced full power mobile units use __________ energy for a power supply.	battery
The human eye is anatomically designed to do all except the following: 1. Focus light 2. Transmit nervous impulses 3. Analyze density differences 4. Gather light	C. Analyze density differences
Which of the following is associated w/night vision?	Scotopic vision
How many cones are located in the human eye?	7,000,000
The __________ effects occur because the visual system has difficulty perceiving contrast differences that are distance from one another.	boundary
Visual acuity in daylight & changes in brightness are better due to:	Cones
What has an impact on the amount of scatter produced from the irradiated material?	atomic number
The purpose of the upper shutter in the collimator is to:	reduce stem radiation
In radiography, kilovoltage is determined more on the size of the part being x-rayed & the:	contrast desired
One of the disadvantages of a collimator is it:	high cost
What affects the penetrability of the beam?	kVp
Collimators are restricted in their use for low-level radiation procedures such as:	mammography
When an intense bright light from a view box floods the eye directly, this is known as:	veil glare
Another name for automatic collimatore is:	Positive beam limitation devices
Which of the following was the original type of beam restictor?	aperture diaphragm
Digital imaging is a broad term; the term was first used medically in 1970s in:	Computed Tomography
All of the following is true regarding Digital Radiography except: 1. Cassetteless sys 2. Uses a flat panel detector or charge-coupled device (CCD) hard-wire to computer 3. Requires new installation of room or retrofit 4. Requires special cassettes	Requires special cassettes
There are 2 types of digital radiography, what are they?	Indirect & direct
When comparing film to CR & DR, which of the following is more efficient & the image is available immediately:	DR
Most storage phosphor plates are made of:	Barium fluorohlide
With CR & DR, concerning exposure latitude; kilovoltage peak still influences subject contrast, but radiographic contrast is primarily controlled by an:	Image processing look-up table
With CR & DR, concerning exposure latitude; milliampere-second setting has more control over image noise, but radiogrphic density is primarily controlled by an:	Image processing algorithms
T/F: CR & DR can be more sensitive to scatter than screen/film.	true
Picture Archival & Communication Systems are costumed designed for each facility & is based on 4 components, which is NOT on of them? 1. funding 2. storage space 3. volume of pt 4. viewing locations	storage space
Machine absorbs x-rays & converts them to light. CCD or thin-film transistor (TFT) converts light to electric signals. Computer processes electric signals. Images are viewed on computer monitor. All of these attributes describe which system?	Indirect Capture
Which of the following handles data of continuous currents?	analog
Concerning the Central Processing Unit of a computer, which of the following is less expensive & needs more transmission time or is slower?	serial
If you turn off the power to your computer, which one of the following concerning memory is erased?	RAM - Random Access Memory
This is a special computer that functions as a peripheral that uses CPU memory to simultaneus math problems in a parallel fashion instead of performing them sequentially & is very useful when vast #s of repetitive calculations are required.	Array processor
There are many types of detectors; which is not on of them? 1. Radiation 2. Nuclear medicine 3. Ultrasound 4. Radiofrequency	2. Nuclear Medicine
Concerning digital image acquisition; which of the following determines resolution?	Pixel size
Which of the following ensures all equipment speaks the same language even though there are different manufacturers?	Digital Imaging & Communication in Medicine (DICOM)
Which of the following is the process of returning the pixel values to their original level by a reverse process?	Deconvolution
When discussing the display qualities; window level controls the image:	density
When discussing the display qualities; window width controls the image:	contrast
This type of filtering either amplifies/deletes all but low frequencies, reduces image noise & often used to remove high frequency noise (smoothing).	low pass
Concerning digital image quality, a measure of total amount of contrast in the image is known as:	frequency
The CR cassette is backed by aluminum that:	absorbs x-rays.
Which one of the following serves to protect against static buildup, dust collection, & mechanical damage to the imaging plate?	felt material
The layer of the imaging plate that traps electrons during exposure is the _________ layer.	active
The imaging plate layer that absorbs stimulating light & reflects emitted light is the _______ layer.	color
The purpose of the barcode label is to identify the:	imaging plate
The signal trapped in the phosphor center:	is never completely lost
T/F: Lasers create & amplify wide, soft beams of divergent light.	false
During laser beam formation, both ends of the laser reflect energy back & forth so that the atoms:	bombard each other
Coherent light formed by the laser because the photons:	travel in the same direction
The optical mirror in the reader:	directs the laser beam to the imaging plate surface
The device that moves the laser rapidly back & forth across the imaging plate is known as:	Beam optics
Typical cassette throughput is:	50 cassettes/hour
The power source for laser must be:	constant
The laser scans the imaing plate in a ______ pattern.	raster
The process of scanning the moving imaging plate is known as:	translation
Which of the followign does not determine CR resolution?	Laser scan speed
T/F: CR phosphor speed & radiographic film speed are always equivalent.	false
Imaing plates should be erased every:	week
CR imaing plates are erased by flooding the plate with:	light
Each square in a matrix is called a:	picture element
The # of bits per pixel is known as bit:	depth
The amount of detail present in any image is known as ________ resolution.	spatial
T/F: Cassette-based spatial resolution is lower than conventional radiography.	true
The imaging plate reader uses a laser to scan the imaging plate, releasing the energy stored in the conductive layer as ______ light.	blue
Images that can be displayed on a monitor are known as:	soft copy
There are 2 systems available for digitizers, one is the CCD Linear array & the other is:	Laser
The size of an image is dependent upon the bit depth & :	matrix size
What is the anticipated image file size for a computed radiography digital image comprised of a 2,500x2,500 matrix w/a 16 bit depth?	XY(B/8)
What controls the speed at which data can be sent over a network & is measured in bits per second?	bandwidth
A __________ connects all computers in a system & often uses ethernet that can have a bandwidth of 10Mbas _________ light.	LAN Local Area Network
Which of the following sends the image and pt data to the radiologist/clinician?	PACS - Picture Archiving and Communication System
There are 3 light sources for laser printers, which is NOT one of them? 1. infrared 2. helium-neon 3. barium luminescence 4. solid state diode	barium luminescence
Wet laser film contain silver halides & is spectrally sensitive to infrared or _______ wavelengths.	red
Concerning dry processor, the film could potentially continue to develop density if exposed to high heat conditions, which is known as:	print-up
Which of the following storge type has a local hard drive, PACS server & RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks?	Short term
________ ________ contains information about the study & the pt.	Object class
The combination of service, such as imaging storage w/an object such as a CT exam is considered an:	Service Object Pairs
There are many difficulties w/a PACS system, which is not one of them? 1. small files 2. limited bandwidth 3. special language 4. problems interfacing w/HIS	small files
T/F: Unexposed dry-processing laser film has a shorter shelf life than conventional film.	true
_________ class decribes what to do with the objects.	Service
Failure of the reader to find the collimation edges of an image:	may cause the image to be too bright or too dark
If the entire range of exposure were digitized, pixel values representing _____ would be digitized.	all values
Data collected w/in the collimator are represented by a ___________.	histogram
A histogram displays the useful signal by locating:	Maximum & minimum signal
The higher the kilovoltage peak, the:	narrower the histogram
T/F: The shape of the histogram is anatomy specific.	true
The Nyquist theorem states that the:	sampling frequency must be more than twice the imput signal bandwidth
If too few pixels are sampled, the result will be:	low resolution
Loss of detail in a digitally processed image:	occurs because of the # of conversions
The longer an image is stored in the CR cassette, the:	more energy is lost by electrons
In an effort to display the pixels for the area of interest when exposure is greater or less than what is needed to produce an image, __________ occurs.	automatic rescaling
Automatic rescaling means that images are produced, regardless of the amount of exposure, with:	uniform contrast & density
T/F: Automatic rescaling can be substituted for appropriated technical factors.	false
The amount of error that can be made & still result in tha capture of a quality image refers to:	latitude
T/F: Exposure latitude for digital imaging is less than that of film/screen imaging.	false
"The sum of the components in a recording system cannot be greater than the system as a whole" is a defintion of:	modulation transfer function (MTF)
A perfect image processing system would have an MTF of:	1% or 100%
T/F: It is possible to achieve an MTF of 100%.	false
The more light spread, the (lower or higher) ________ the MTF.	lower
If all of the shades were left in an image after processing, the contrast would be:	too low
The more manipulation of the image, the greater the:	loss of information
Amplification of the frequencies of the areas of interest is known as:	edge enhancement
Suppressing frequencies in the areas of interest is known as:	masking
Low-pass filtering is also known as:	smoothing
High-pass filtering is useful for enchancing:	organs & soft tissue
Averaging the frequency of each pixel w/surrounding pixel values to remove high-frequency noise is called:	smoothing
Excessive light entering the eye when viewing an image is known as _________ glare.	veil
An image manipulation process that fills in the background so that it is darkened is known as:	shuttering
T/F: Shuttering removes the dark exposed border, reducing the amount of information to be stored.	false
The process of joining 2 or more images into 1 continuous image is known as image:	stitching
The workstation function that allows selection of preset terms and/or manual text input is termed image:	annotation
Magnification of the entire image at the workstation is termed:	macroradiography
The ability to send images to local network stations can be accomplished using the:	manual send function
Aliasing results in a ________ effect.	Moire
If too few pixels are sampled, the result is a lack of:	resolution
In CR, if exposure is more than _______% below the ideal exposure, quantum mottle results.	50
Sharpness control is referred to as:	spatial frequency control
The more ________ involved in the averaging, the smoother the image appears.	pixels
If exposure is more than 200% above ideal exposure, _________ __________ results.	contrast loss

Created by: e_ortiz79